黄淮海平原不同类型农村居民点空间分布及变化特征研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.07.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科学划分农村居民点类型,深入挖掘不同类型农村居民点的差异性,是农村居民点差异化管控的基础,有助于乡村转型发展和新型城镇化建设。本文以黄淮海平原为例,基于遥感解译获取了农村居民点空间数据,采用空间叠加的方法,从农村居民点的规模、形态和分布三个方面划分了2015年农村居民点的类型,并进一步分析了不同规模、形态和分布组合下农村居民点集约利用水平、用地变化等的差异性。结果表明：①2015年黄淮海平原农村居民点可划分为12种类型,并以小斑块较规整高密度、小斑块较规整中密度和中斑块不规整低密度三种类型为主。②相比于黄河以南地区,黄淮海平原黄河以北的县域内农村居民点斑块规模较大、密度较低。③农村居民点的规模和密度对人均农村居民点面积的影响较大。在小而密集的分布状态下,农村居民点用地较为粗放;在大而疏的分布状态下,农村居民点用地较为集约。④农村居民点数量增加较多的县域,多为小斑块类型;而农村居民点数量呈减少趋势的县域,多为中大斑块与中低密度的组合类型。⑤农村居民点的规模和形状与农村居民点面积变化之间的关系较为密切;形状不规整和小斑块组合类型的农村居民点面积增加较为显著,而形状较规整和小斑块组合类型的农村居民点是面积减少的主体。

关键词: 农村居民点, 空间布局, 时空变化, 类型, 黄淮海平原

Abstract:

Classifying types of rural settlements scientifically and identifying diversity among different types of rural settlements is the foundation of rural settlement management and the realization of rural settlement transformation development and new-type urbanization. Based on rural settlement data we classified rural settlement types using spatial overlay and compared its distinction. We found that there are 12 types of rural settlements on Huang-Huai-Hai Plain;the types little scale-relative regular-high density,little scale-relative regular-medium density and medium scale-irregular-low density are the three main types. The rural settlement in the north of the Yellow River on Huang-Huai-Hai Plain has a larger average patch area and lower density compared to those in the south. Compared to the shape of rural settlement,the scale and density of rural settlements show larger influence on rural settlement area per capita. The land use of rural settlement is more extensive with the combination of small scale and high density,while it is more intensive with the combination of large scale and low density. Most of the county shows increment in the number of small scale,while the type of relative large scale and relative low density declined. Compared to the density of rural settlements,the scale and shape of rural settlements have a closer relationship with the change in the area of rural settlements. The increment of rural settlement area is more obvious for irregular and small scale types,while reduction in area mainly happened in relative regular and small scale types.

Key words: rural settlement, spatial distribution, spatiotemporal evolution, type, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

董光龙, 许尔琪, 张红旗. 黄淮海平原不同类型农村居民点空间分布及变化特征研究[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(7): 1248-1258.

Guanglong DONG, Erqi XU, Hongqi ZHANG. The spatial distribution and evolution of different types of rural settlements on Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(7): 1248-1258.

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省市	县域数量	省市	县域数量
北京市	3	河南省	58
天津市	10	安阳市	3
安徽省	21	鹤壁市	1
蚌埠市	3	焦作市	3
亳州市	4	开封市	6
阜阳市	6	漯河市	2
淮北市	2	濮阳市	6
淮南市	1	商丘市	8
宿州市	5	新乡市	6
河北省	84	许昌市	5
保定市	14	郑州市	1
沧州市	15	周口市	10
邯郸市	10	驻马店市	7
衡水市	11	山东省	50
廊坊市	7	滨州市	6
石家庄市	10	德州市	11
唐山市	4	东营市	3
邢台市	13	荷泽市	9
江苏省	14	济南市	2
连云港市	3	济宁市	8
宿迁市	4	聊城市	8
徐州市	7	临沂市	1
-	-	泰安市	1
-	-	淄博市	1

维度	级别	范围 /（km²,个/km²）	总面积 /km²	比例 /%
规模	大斑块	0.37~0.73	1 469.62	5.61
	中斑块	0.23~0.36	7 060.31	26.93
	小斑块	0.04~0.22	17 684.30	67.46
形状	不规整	1.71~2.07	10 078.45	38.45
形状	较规整	1.28~1.70	16 135.79	61.55
分布	高密度	0.72~1.11	9 426.46	35.96
	中密度	0.43~0.71	9 551.98	36.44
	低密度	0.00~0.42	7 235.79	27.60

类型	县域数量 /个	农村居民点总面积/km²	占黄淮海平原农村居民点总面积的比例/%
大斑块不规整低密度	12	884.39	3.37
大斑块较规整低密度	9	585.23	2.23
小斑块不规整低密度	4	105.65	0.40
小斑块不规整高密度	9	2 135.30	8.15
小斑块不规整中密度	21	2 998.88	11.44
小斑块较规整低密度	15	946.73	3.61
小斑块较规整高密度	42	7 024.70	26.80
小斑块较规整中密度	44	4 473.04	17.06
中斑块不规整低密度	44	3 058.70	11.67
中斑块不规整中密度	10	895.53	3.42
中斑块较规整低密度	19	1 655.09	6.31
中斑块较规整中密度	11	1 450.99	5.54

类型	人均农村居民点面积/m²	农村居民点数量变化/个	农村居民点面积变化/km²
大斑块不规整低密度	175.06	-20	19.02
大斑块较规整低密度	160.57	-21	11.08
小斑块不规整低密度	63.01	1	2.36
小斑块不规整高密度	184.85	99	24.77
小斑块不规整中密度	193.97	135	23.89
小斑块较规整低密度	185.65	38	-5.12
小斑块较规整高密度	192.68	42	14.15
小斑块较规整中密度	180.57	31	-12.11
中斑块不规整低密度	166.02	6	5.83
中斑块不规整中密度	199.65	7	9.06
中斑块较规整低密度	189.16	6	11.03
中斑块较规整中密度	198.98	-17	15.14