海河流域大清河土石山区不同空间尺度水沙关系分析

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.04.16

资源科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 750-757.doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.04.16

海河流域大清河土石山区不同空间尺度水沙关系分析

袁再健^1,²(), 孙倩¹

1. 河北科技大学经济管理学院,石家庄 050018
2. 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广州 510650

收稿日期:2015-10-19 修回日期:2016-02-18 出版日期:2016-04-25 发布日期:2016-04-25
作者简介:
作者简介:袁再健,男,湖南武冈人,博士,教授,主要从事水土保持、生态水文与GIS应用研究。E-mail:selfsurpass@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（40901130）;河北省自然科学基金项目（10457205）;河北省高等学校青年拔尖人才项目（BJ2014078）

Runoff-sediment relationship for various spatial scales in the Daqinghe rocky mountainous area

YUAN Zaijian^1,²(), SUN Qian¹

1.School of Economics & Management,Hebei University of Science & Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China
2. Guangdong Institute of Eco-environment and Soil Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China

Received:2015-10-19 Revised:2016-02-18 Online:2016-04-25 Published:2016-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以海河流域大清河土石山区为研究对象,探讨了微型径流小区、普通径流小区、微型小流域——万亩林、小流域——崇陵小流域与杨树沟、中大流域——拒马河上游与唐河上游5种空间尺度的水沙关系。结果表明,这5种空间尺度次降雨产沙模数与地表径流深均具有较强的线性正相关关系,并且可以用比例函数来拟合;小区及小流域尺度的产沙模数与次降雨量也有较好的线性正相关关系, 而各尺度的产沙模数与平均降雨强度无明显相关性;在侧柏林、松树林、灌草地、荒地（有枯枝落叶覆盖）与裸地这几种土地利用方式中,裸地的产沙模数、径流系数最高,其次是荒地,侧柏林最小,且枯枝落叶覆盖能大大减少坡面水土流失;侧柏小区的产沙模数、径流系数均小于松树小区,其原因可能是侧柏的树冠截留较松树大;在小区尺度,侧柏、松树、灌草地与有枯枝落叶覆盖的荒地小区具有相近的水沙关系。因此,在大清河土石山区,植被覆盖可以通过减水来减沙。

关键词: 大清河土石山区, 空间尺度, 比例函数, 减水减沙

Abstract:

Soil and water loss in the Daqinghe rocky mountainous area in the Haihe Basin,China is serious. Here,we discuss the runoff-sediment relationship at five spatial scales:micro runoff plot,normal runoff plot,micro watershed,watershed,medium and large basin. The results show that there are strong positive linear correlations between sediment yield modulus (Ms) and surface runoff depth (Rs) at these spatial scales,and the proportional function can be used to fit their linear relationship. There is a good linear correlation between Ms and rainfall,but there are no obvious correlations between Ms and the average rainfall intensity. In the several land-use patterns (i.e. Platycladus orientalis,pine,shrubbery,uncultivated land and bare land),the Ms and runoff coefficient of bare land are significantly higher than those of others. The Ms and runoff coefficient of the arborvitae plot are smaller than those of the pine plot, the reason is the canopy interception of arborvitae is slightly larger than the pine. In addition, forest litter cover can greatly reduce water loss and soil erosion of slopes in this region. At the plot scale, with the deciduous vegetation or litter cover there are similar runoff-sediment relationships. In our opinion, vegetation cover can reduce sediment due to a reduction in runoff for slopes in the Daqinghe rocky Mountainous area. For the lack of grassland and farmland runoff plot data in this study,the results primarily analyzed the relationship between runoff and sediment. This study can help lay a theoretical foundation for predicting soil and water loss in the comprehensive management of the Haihe River basin.

Key words: Daqinghe rocky mountainous area, spatial scale, proportional function, reducing runoff and sediment

袁再健, 孙倩. 海河流域大清河土石山区不同空间尺度水沙关系分析[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(4): 750-757.

YUAN Zaijian,SUN Qian. Runoff-sediment relationship for various spatial scales in the Daqinghe rocky mountainous area[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(4): 750-757.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

表3

研究区不同空间尺度产沙模数与地表径流深的线性关系"

空间尺度类型	空间尺度	水沙关系式	样本数	决定系数R²
微型径流小区	荒地小区	$M S = 1.21 R S + 3.92$	11	0.69
微型径流小区	裸地小区	$M S = 5.82 R S + 65.34$	17	0.70
普通径流小区	侧柏小区	$M S = 0.68 R S + 2.67$	15	0.92
	松树小区	$M S = 0.80 R S + 3.67$	22	0.77
	灌草小区	$M S = 0.82 R S + 0.79$	22	0.82
微型小流域	万亩林	$M S = 1.42 R S + 0.75$	14	0.86
小流域	崇陵小流域	$M S = 1.05 R S + 0.47$	42	0.56
小流域	杨树沟	$M S = 1.79 R S - 0.50$	34	0.80
中大流域	唐河上游	$M S = 3.00 R S + 9.64$	35	0.66
中大流域	拒马河上游	$M S = 3.86 R S + 0.17$	48	0.69

表3

图2

图3

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降雨次数	荒地小区		裸地小区		侧柏小区		松树小区		灌草小区
降雨次数	M_s	α	M_s	α	M_s	α	M_s	α	M_s	α
1	70.0	0.60	549.4	0.92	15.0	0.27	25.0	0.43	13.0	0.21
2	20.1	0.46	121.9	0.70	19.0	0.08	25.0	0.17	16.0	0.10
3	104.1	0.57	911.5	0.97	29.0	0.26	28.0	0.26	39.0	0.16
4	11.9	0.80	48.1	0.83	7.1	0.13	7.2	0.06	19.0	0.24
5	6.0	0.60	46.7	0.72	2.0	0.07	3.5	0.06	21.3	0.13
6	8.1	0.61	16.9	0.97	6.6	0.13	5.3	0.07	23.0	0.56
7	3.4	0.57	1.3	0.63	3.0	0.01	9.0	0.19	12.7	0.05
8	2.8	0.51	3.5	0.72	4.4	0.05	11.0	0.15	9.5	0.06
平均值	28.3	0.59	212.4	0.81	10.8	0.12	14.3	0.17	19.2	0.19

海河流域大清河土石山区不同空间尺度水沙关系分析

Runoff-sediment relationship for various spatial scales in the Daqinghe rocky mountainous area

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序号	小区名字	土地利用方式	植被类型/土地覆被	坡度/°	坡长/m	面积/m²	监测项目
1	荒地小区	荒地	枯枝落叶	10.2	1	1	降水量、径流量、含沙量等
2	裸地小区	裸地	无	12.7	1	1
3	侧柏小区	林地	侧柏	12.0	10	50
4	松树小区	林地	油松	12.0	10	50
5	灌草小区	灌草地	荆条、酸枣、白草等	12.0	10	50

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