南方红壤丘陵耕地生态修复补偿标准研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.02.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科学制定生态补偿标准,引导企业合理规模种植,对于南方红壤丘陵山地生态脆弱区耕地生态修复具有重要意义。本文从企业微观经济行为出发,构建南方红壤丘陵山地新开垦耕地的生态补偿标准、新增生态系统服务价值、利用方式转化比例、土地面积的四维空间理论方法,提出以生态修复为导向的南方红壤丘陵山地生态脆弱区新开垦耕地补偿标准制定方法。并以浙江省松阳县为例进行了实证研究,研究结果表明：面向720 hm²待修复耕地,综合考虑当前生态补偿标准、县级政府财政能力,设定生态系统服务价值修复量为1000万元/a,补偿标准0.51万元/（hm²·a）,企业转换利用方式种植脐橙转换面积比例为50%,需补偿资金为368.49万元/a。建议面向南方红壤丘陵山地生态脆弱区新开垦耕地生态修复目标,出台空间定位准确和补偿标准细化的精准生态补偿政策。

关键词: 生态修复, 生态补偿标准, 生态脆弱区, 生态系统服务价值, 耕地, 红壤丘陵山区, 中国南方

Abstract:

Under the condition of the market regulation malfunction, the idle cultivated land aggravated soil erosion and caused the tillage layer thinning in the ecological fragile zone of the southern China. Therefore, government should establish a scientific eco-compensation standard for guiding enterprises to grow crops on a reasonable scale as that is their important function for protecting the ecologic fragile areas of the Southern China. Based on the microeconomic activities of enterprises, this study built a 4D spatial theory of neo-cultivated land in hilly region of the Southern China. The 4D spatial theory is composed of four dimensions, which are respectively four aspects of the eco-compensation standard, the added eco-service value, the ratio of land-use change, and land area. Then, an ecological-restoration oriented eco-compensation standard was creatively constructed for newly cultivated land in ecologic fragile areas of red soil hilly region in the Southern China. This study also made an empirical research on Songyang in Zhejiang Province. The results indicate that the radio of enterprises converting their land-use and the compensation standard increased with the ecological remediation value of ecosystem service. The results specifically shows that: The area of neo-cultivated land is 720 hm², and when the ecological remediation value of ecosystem service was set as 1000×104 yuan/a. If we use neo-cultivated land to plant tee trees,the conversion ratio of land-use reached 20.29% The required compensation standard of tee trees was 1.88×10⁴ yuan/(hm² $⋅$ a), and the required compensation funds was 1354.71×10⁴ yuan/a. If we use neo-cultivated land to plant navel oranges,the conversion ratio of land-use reached 50% The required compensation standard of navel oranges was 0.51×10⁴ yuan/(hm² $⋅$ a),and the required compensation funds was 368.49×10⁴ yuan/a. It is suggested that the newly cultivated land should be cultivated for ecological restoration in ecologic fragile areas of red soil hilly region in the south. Government should establish a targeted eco-compensation system in an accurate space orientation and optimized ecological compensation standard.

Key words: ecological remediation, ecological compensation standard, ecologic fragile areas, ecosy-stem service value, cultivated land, the hilly red soil region, red soil hilly region, southern China

包贵萍, 梁小亮, 梁颖, 耿槟, 徐保根. 南方红壤丘陵耕地生态修复补偿标准研究[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(2): 247-256.

Guiping BAO, Xiaoliang LIANG, Ying LIANG, Bin GENG, Baogen XU. Land compensation standard in ecologic fragile areas of red soil hilly region in the southern China[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(2): 247-256.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

松阳新增土地生态系统服务价值"

生态系统服务价值	$a$	$b$
生态系统服务价值	$a$	茶树	脐橙
土壤保持	22.78	60.38	37.69
土壤肥力提升	0.36	3.45	1.77
气体调节（CO₂、O₂）	0.05	0.29	0.31
空气净化（SO₂、PM2.5）	0.01	0.01	0.01
旅游发展	0.00	0.11	0.10
合计	23.20	64.24	39.88
新增生态服务价值	—	41.04	16.68

表2

图2

图3

表3

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特征变量	极小值	极大值	均值	标准差
企业注册资本/万元	8.00	4000	781.20	1 299.00
农业业务占比/%	0.45	95.00	52.75	35.37
农业营业额/（万元/a）	0.04	79.00	1.49	0.60
农业营业额占比/%	0.01	98.87	55.89	40.45
其他营业额/（万元/a）	2.00	12 600.00	1 390.00	3 940.00
其他营业额占比/%	1.13	99.54	44.07	40.38
茶树种植面积/hm²	0.20	200.00	60.41	74.22
脐橙种植面积/hm²	0.00	100.00	28.51	33.79

生态系统服务价值修复目标/（万元/a）	转换比例		补偿标准/(万元/(hm²·a))		补偿金额总额/(万元/a)
生态系统服务价值修复目标/（万元/a）	茶树	脐橙	茶树	脐橙	茶树	脐橙
500	10.15	24.96	1.42	0.38	1 019.87	274.71
1 000	20.29	50.00	1.88	0.51	1 354.71	368.49
1 500	30.44	74.87	2.20	0.63	1 587.40	457.19
2 000	40.58	99.82	2.48	1.19	1 786.15	856.93
2 500	50.73	100.00	2.74	1.63	1 976.47	1 174.40