资源科学

资源科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1700-1708.

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区域尺度环境污染实物量核算体系设计与应用

冯喆1(), 高江波2,3, 马国霞4, 高阳5,6, 潘韬2,3   

  1. 1. 北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100871
    2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
    3. 中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
    4. 环境保护部环境规划院,北京 100012
    5. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院土地资源管理系,北京 100193
    6. 国土资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-09 修回日期:2015-08-31 出版日期:2015-09-25 发布日期:2015-09-25
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：冯喆,男,北京人,博士生,研究方向为资源管理与区域开发。E-mail：fengzhe@pku.edu.cn

  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院科技服务网络计划（STS计划）项目（KFJ-EW-STS-001）;国家重点基础研究发展计划（2015CB452702）;国家自然科学基金项目（41301089）

Design and application of regional scale environmental pollution physical accounting

FENG Zhe1(), GAO Jiangbo2,3, MA Guoxia4, GAO Yang5,6, PAN Tao2,3   

  1. 1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University;Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100087,China
    2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
    3. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
    4. Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning of the State Environmental Protection Administration,Beijing 100012,China5. Department of Land Resources Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
    6. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Qualify,Monitoring and Control,Ministry of Land and Resources,Beijing 100193,China
  • Received:2015-06-09 Revised:2015-08-31 Online:2015-09-25 Published:2015-09-25

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摘要：

自然资源核算是全面揭示环境-经济耦合系统物质流动过程的重要方法,也是平衡区域经济发展与环境保护、实现可持续发展的重要手段,环境污染实物量核算是自然资源核算的重要组成部分。本文在回顾环境污染实物量核算发展历史的基础上,借鉴国际最新核算体系研究和绿色国民经济核算经验,梳理了核算体系编制的原则;依托现有国民经济核算和环境统计数据,设计了由环境污染实物量核算账户、平衡表和环境质量综合评价指标体系三部分所构成的区域尺度环境污染实物量核算体系;归纳了产排污系数法在区域污染实物量核算研究中的应用;以浙江省湖州市为例,初步进行了编制实践,并对实践结果进行了分析和总结。结果表明：①为适应区域自然资源核算的需要,环境污染实物量核算体系设计应遵循相容性、针对性、导向性和可行性四个原则;②在区域环境污染实物量核算中,宜使用指标体系方法综合反映环境质量,并设立实物账户核算经济活动中污染物和废弃物的产生、处理、排放和消纳;③核算体系的运行可以使政府、居民和企业多方获益,同时该体系也需要政府及社会各界的广泛参与和支持。

关键词: 环境污染, 实物量核算体系, 区域尺度, 湖州市

Abstract:

Natural resources accounting is an essential tool in the process of understanding physical flows within the environmental and economic coupling system. It is also an important means to balance regional economic development,environment protection and sustainable development. Physical accounting of environmental pollution is an important part of natural resources accounting. This research reviews the development of environmental physical accounting,drawing on the latest international research and the accounting system of green national accounting experience,and collecting principles of accounting systems at a regional scale. Based on the existing national accounting system and environmental statistics,this research designs the physical accounting system of environmental pollution,including environmental pollution physical accounts,balance sheets,and integrated environmental quality evaluation index. Taking Huzhou,Zhejiang,China as a study case,this research accounts the physical quantity in water environment pollution,and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this accounting system. The results show that in order to meet the need of environmental accounting at a regional scale,the designs of physical accounting systems of environmental pollution should follow four principles：compatibility,relevance,orientation and feasibility. In the process of environmental pollution physical accounting,researchers should use the integrated indicators to reflect environment quality,and establish flow accounts to account for pollutants and waste generation,treatment,discharge and consumption in regional economic activity. Using this accounting system will benefit governments,residents,and companies. This requires broad participation and support from regional governments and the community.

Key words: environmental pollution, physical accounting system, regional scale, Huzhou City