责任和收益匹配原则下中国省域碳排放责任共担方案优化

doi:10.18402/resci.2022.09.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

省域碳排放责任标准界定是“双碳”目标下国家碳排放统计核算体系构建的重要内容。已有的省域碳排放责任共担方案对最终产品消费者的责任和收益关系考虑不足，亟需进行优化以提升碳责任界定的公平合理性。本文构建FULL-MRIO双边贸易隐含碳测算模型衡量碳排放转移责任，同时以贸易“剩余”的变化衡量因碳排放所获收益，并立足行业层面细化共担责任系数，提出了责任和收益匹配视角下“谁获益谁担责”的中国省域碳排放责任共担优化方案。结果发现：①省域共担责任系数由省域各行业贸易隐含碳规模、特征及获益共同决定，在39.98%~60.02%之间，相较于“均等分配法”等共担系数更具合理性；②基于责任和收益匹配视角的共担碳排放责任体系，多数省份碳排放责任介于生产侧和消费侧碳排放责任之间，北京、天津等最终需求较高省份相较于生产侧碳排放和其他共担责任方案所承担的碳排放大幅上升，内蒙古、山西等资源型省份碳责任显著下降；③依据本文计算的共担责任可为省域间碳补偿关系确立新的方案，在该方案下内蒙古、山西等省份被补偿规模较大，这区别于直接碳排放量大但隐含碳排放量多的资源型省份需要为其他省份提供碳补偿的方案，在政策层面更具公平性和可操作性。

关键词: 碳转移, FULL-MRIO模型, 责任共担, “双碳”目标, 碳减排责任

Abstract:

The definition of provincial carbon emission responsibility standards is an important part of the construction of the national carbon emission statistical accounting system under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The existing provincial carbon emission responsibility sharing scheme does not give enough consideration to the responsibility and benefit relationship of consumers of the final products, so it is urgent to optimize the scheme to improve the fairness and soundness of carbon emission responsibility definition. This study built a full multi-region (FULL-MRIO) bilateral trade implicit carbon measurement model to measure carbon emission transfer responsibility and the gains from carbon emissions with the change of trade “surplus”. Based on the industry-level analysis, this study refined the coefficient of shared responsibility, and put forward the optimization scheme of China’s provincial carbon emission responsibility sharing with the principle of “beneficiaries bear the responsibility” from the perspective of responsibility and benefit matching. The results show that the provincial shared responsibility coefficient is jointly determined by the scale, characteristics, and benefits of the trade implied carbon of various industries in the province, and it ranges from 39.98% to 60.02%, which is more reasonable than the equal distribution method and other shared responsibility coefficients; Based on the responsibility and benefit matching perspective, the carbon emission responsibility of most provinces is between that of the production side and the consumption side. Compared with the production side carbon emission responsibility and other shared responsibility schemes, the carbon emission responsibilities of provinces with high final demand, such as Beijing and Tianjin, have increased significantly, while the carbon emission responsibilities of resource based provinces, such as Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, have decreased significantly; According to the shared responsibility calculated in this study, a new scheme can be established for the inter-provincial carbon compensation relationship. Under this scheme, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and some other provinces are compensated on a large scale, which is different from the scheme that resource based provinces with large direct carbon emissions but also large implicit carbon emissions need to provide carbon compensation for other provinces, and this scheme would be more equitable and operable at the policy level.

Key words: carbon transfer, FULL-MRIO model, responsibility sharing, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, carbon emission reduction responsibility

杨军, 杨泽, 丛建辉, 张雅茜. 责任和收益匹配原则下中国省域碳排放责任共担方案优化[J]. 资源科学, 2022, 44(9): 1745-1758.

YANG Jun, YANG Ze, CONG Jianhui, ZHANG Yaxi. Optimization of China’s provincial carbon emission responsibility sharing scheme based on the principle of responsibility and benefit matching[J]. Resources Science, 2022, 44(9): 1745-1758.

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路径	总产出路径分解
路径1	区域s在本地生产最终产品并在本地进行最终产品消费
路径2	区域s生产最终产品，区域r进行最终产品消费
路径3	区域s生产最终产品，区域s和区域r以外的其他区域g进行最终产品消费
路径4	区域s的中间产品调出到区域r生产最终产品，区域s进行最终产品消费
路径5	区域s的中间产品调出到区域r生产最终产品，区域r进行最终产品消费
路径6	区域s的中间产品调出到区域r生产最终产品，区域s和区域r以外的其他区域g进行最终产品消费
路径7	区域s的中间产品调出到区域s和区域r以外的其他区域g生产最终产品，区域s进行最终产品消费
路径8	区域s的中间产品调出到区域s和区域r以外的其他区域g生产最终产品，区域r进行最终产品消费
路径9	区域s的中间产品调出到区域s和区域r以外的其他区域g生产最终产品，区域g进行最终产品消费
路径10	区域s最终产品出口国外
路径11	区域s中间产品流出，经加工后流回，最终在区域s出口至国外
路径12	区域s中间产品流出，经加工，最终在区域r出口至国外
路径13	区域s中间产品流出，经加工，最终在区域s和区域r以外的其他区域g出口至国外

省份	净碳转移/ MtCO₂	省份	净碳转移/ MtCO₂
广东	199.12	江西	3.88
浙江	119.65	海南	3.10
云南	117.10	广西	-1.92
北京	98.41	贵州	-5.16
河南	93.70	福建	-16.95
湖南	70.71	甘肃	-26.05
重庆	62.08	新疆	-29.90
天津	50.32	江苏	-37.22
陕西	48.17	宁夏	-47.17
上海	37.35	安徽	-63.41
湖北	28.89	山东	-106.84
黑龙江	21.77	辽宁	-121.28
四川	18.76	河北	-155.36
吉林	9.40	山西	-163.67
青海	8.66	内蒙古	-266.60

省份	生产侧分担系数%	消费侧分担系数%	省份	生产侧分担系数%	消费侧分担系数%
北京	46.02	53.14	河南	45.33	53.14
天津	45.93	55.40	湖北	46.02	52.96
河北	45.57	53.84	湖南	45.60	53.31
山西	45.39	53.65	广东	45.44	52.76
内蒙古	45.02	55.60	广西	46.16	55.39
辽宁	45.89	56.29	海南	45.53	53.79
吉林	45.43	55.37	重庆	45.49	55.48
黑龙江	45.54	55.43	四川	45.75	55.86
上海	45.70	53.54	贵州	45.55	56.22
江苏	45.50	55.07	云南	45.81	57.30
浙江	46.04	55.05	陕西	45.28	54.79
安徽	45.32	54.74	甘肃	45.37	55.86
福建	45.59	53.07	青海	45.72	56.15
江西	45.55	53.09	宁夏	44.94	54.93
山东	45.43	55.50	新疆	45.11	55.17