基于地理本性的滨海城市旅游系统适应性分析

doi:10.18402/resci.2022.03.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地理本性是指一个区域区别于其他区域的、在地理空间上的本质特征。从Krugman的两大地理本性到中国学者提出的三大地理本性,区位要素更全面地体现了信息时代的区域特性。本文将流动空间的活跃要素融入地理本性分析框架中,构建全新的滨海城市旅游系统适应性评价指标体系,对2006、2011和2016年3个年份的14个滨海城市旅游系统适应性进行全面评价并提出分类提升建议。结果表明：①14个滨海城市旅游系统适应性均呈现增强趋势,但适应性指数增速趋缓。舟山、厦门、青岛适应性指数大幅增长,大连、三亚、秦皇岛、广州、上海、连云港增长较为明显,北海、天津、宁波、深圳、烟台增长缓慢。②各城市旅游系统适应性指数具有明显差异性。三大地理本性要素中,对多数滨海城市而言,第一本性对旅游系统适应性影响最大,第二本性影响程度降低,第三本性影响程度扩大,充分反映旅游资源禀赋是滨海城市旅游系统适应性的根本支撑,创新要素等软实力正在成为适应能力增长的新动能。③基于旅游系统适应性结构可将滨海城市分为3类。第一本性适应能力存在短板时,需重点关注旅游资源的可持续利用与保护,围绕资源特性提升旅游产品品质、丰富旅游线路;第二本性存在短板时则需完善旅游系统配套、优化营商环境,提升旅游服务水平;第三本性存在短板时则需更重视数字化、信息化等创新要素对旅游系统的助推,大力开发旅游新兴业态,增强旅游发展活力。未来应统筹推进区域资源有机整合,补齐适应性短板,为滨海旅游可持续发展赋能。

关键词: 地理本性, 旅游系统, 适应性分析, 熵值法, 滨海城市

Abstract:

Geographical nature refers to the essential characteristics of a region. From Krugman's geographical nature to the three major geographical natures, the location factor reflects the regional characteristics of the information age more comprehensively. The study integrates the active elements into the framework of geographical nature analysis, and builds a new coastal city tourism system adaptability evaluation index system. This paper evaluates the tourism systems adaptability of 14 coastal cities in 2006, 2011 and 2016, and proposes classification improvement strategies. The research results show that: (1) The adaptability index of tourism system in 14 coastal cities has been improved, but the growth rate has slowed down. The adaptability index of Zhoushan, Xiamen and Qingdao increased significantly, Dalian, Sanya, Qinhuangdao, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Lianyungang increased rapidly, while Beihai, Tianjin, Ningbo, Shenzhen and Yantai grew slowly. (2) The adaptability index of tourism system in different cities has obvious difference. For the three major elements of geographical nature, the first nature has the greatest influence on most coastal cities. The third nature has a greater influence than the second nature on more than half of the cities. Fully reflecting the tourism resources is the fundamental support for the coastal city tourism system adaptability, and soft power such as innovation factors is becoming a new driving force for the growth of adaptability. (3) From the view of adaptability structure, it can be divided into three types according to the leading role of three natures. When the first nature adaptability is short, we should pay more attention to the sustainable utilization and protection of tourism resources, improve the quality of tourism products and enrich the tourism routes. When the second nature adaptability is short, we need to optimize the tourism business environment and enhance the level of tourism services. When the third nature adaptability is short, we should pay more attention to digital, information and other innovative elements, develop new tourism industry form, and enhance the vitality of tourism development. In the future, we should promote the organic integration of regional resources, make up the short board of adaptability, and enable the sustainable development of tourism in coastal cities.

Key words: geographical nature, tourism system, adaptability analysis, entropy method, coastal city

韩增林, 潘佳玉, 郭建科, 阴曙升. 基于地理本性的滨海城市旅游系统适应性分析[J]. 资源科学, 2022, 44(3): 634-645.

HAN Zenglin, PAN Jiayu, GUO Jianke, YIN Shusheng. Tourism system adaptability analysis of coastal citiesbased on geographical natures[J]. Resources Science, 2022, 44(3): 634-645.

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目标层	系统层	准则层	指标层	指标解释	代码	权重
滨海旅游系统适应性综合指数	第一本性适应性指数	敏感性	海平面比常年增加高度/mm	滨海环境安全	S1	0.092
		敏感性	工业废水直排入海量/t	滨海环境压力	S2	0.094
		稳定性	人均园林绿地面积/（m²/人）	旅游生态环境	I1	0.213
			4A、5A级景区数量/个	旅游资源禀赋	I2	0.127
			空气优良率/%	空气环境质量	I3	0.073
		应对力	环境质量指数/%	环境保护能力	R1	0.063
			工业废水处理度/%	海洋环保意识	R2	0.168
			海洋类型自然保护区数量/个	海洋资源保护	R3	0.171
	第二本性适应性指数	敏感性	旅游收入占GDP比重/%	经济旅游依赖度	S3	0.095
		敏感性	旅游外汇收入占总收入比重/%	旅游外汇依赖度	S4	0.102
		稳定性	星级酒店数量/家	接待供给能力	I4	0.181
			旅行社数量/家	接待服务能力	I5	0.132
			旅客周转量/（人·km）	旅客周转能力	I6	0.125
		应对力	游客增长率/%	发展潜力	R4	0.111
			旅游收入增长率/%	市场潜力	R5	0.060
			人均全社会固定资产投资/（元/人）	基础设施经济支撑	R6	0.194
	第三本性适应性指数	敏感性	游客密度/%	环境拥挤程度	S5	0.053
		敏感性	食宿业从业人员比例/%	社会旅游业依赖度	S6	0.071
		稳定性	游客数量/人	知名度影响力	I7	0.121
			人均可支配收入/（元/人）	人民生活水平	I8	0.172
			食宿业从业人员增长率/%	服务保障水平	I9	0.080
		应对力	劳动力质量/%	人才发展政府支持力	R7	0.135
			旅游高等院校数量/所	智力资源	R8	0.160
			海洋科研机构从业人员数/人	创新资源	R9	0.209

	年份	平均值	极差	变异系数
系统适应性	2006	0.100	0.076	0.229
	2011	0.129	0.107	0.230
	2016	0.138	0.111	0.217
第一本性	2006	0.134	0.150	0.279
	2011	0.151	0.105	0.204
	2016	0.153	0.096	0.177
第二本性	2006	0.100	0.106	0.303
	2011	0.122	0.102	0.260
	2016	0.124	0.136	0.297
第三本性	2006	0.066	0.104	0.431
	2011	0.111	0.147	0.354
	2016	0.133	0.142	0.292

	年份	第一本性			第二本性			第三本性
	年份	敏感性	稳定性	应对力	敏感性	稳定性	应对力	敏感性	稳定性	应对力
平均值	2006	0.132	0.114	0.204	0.142	0.089	0.102	0.113	0.034	0.093
	2011	0.127	0.148	0.211	0.156	0.104	0.148	0.107	0.090	0.154
	2016	0.116	0.163	0.219	0.150	0.098	0.188	0.101	0.147	0.172
变异系数	2006	0.210	0.601	0.377	0.235	0.837	0.316	0.131	0.631	0.756
	2011	0.216	0.430	0.279	0.157	0.845	0.236	0.195	0.451	0.587
	2016	0.257	0.413	0.289	0.177	0.937	0.303	0.227	0.409	0.486