耕地集约利用转型的理论解析

doi:10.18402/resci.2022.03.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

耕地集约利用是保障粮食安全、提高农业经济效益、增加农民收入的重要手段,在面对日益复杂的人地关系以及社会经济发展变化过程中,如何通过破解土地、劳动力、资金与技术难题来探究耕地集约利用转型是土地资源科学亟需解决的重要议题,这对于促进耕地资源优化配置、农业转型发展和质量兴农具有重要的理论和现实意义。鉴于此,本文运用文献回顾和综合归纳法,基于耕地利用系统理论,从要素替代视角分析耕地集约利用转型内涵,进而剖析耕地集约利用转型的动力机制、演化阶段与特征,并提出转型优化调控途径。结果发现：①耕地利用系统是指农业生产经营参与者在一定数量和质量的耕地上通过投入适量的劳动生产要素而获得农产品及社会经济效益的自然-人工复合系统。由耕地利用系统要素和结构优化调整转变而引发的耕地利用系统演化对研究耕地集约利用转型的本质具有借鉴意义。②耕地集约利用转型是指耕地利用系统的要素和结构随着自然地理、社会经济等外部环境变化而不断调整变化后呈现出的趋势性转折。耕地集约利用转型的演化过程是：劳动集约型阶段—资金集约型阶段—技术集约型阶段,具有一定持续性和阶段性特征。③耕地集约利用转型动力机制包括：耕地、劳动力、农业物资、技术等耕地利用系统内部不同要素价值和价格非同步演变机制与各要素相互替代和重组机制,以及产权赋能与合理收益分配制度的联合反馈机制。因此,本文认为,助推耕地集约利用转型可以通过促进耕地增值、调整耕地利用主体、对农业生产进行补贴等途径进行综合调控。

关键词: 耕地集约利用, 转型, 耕地利用系统, 机制, 过程, 调控

Abstract:

Farmland intensive use is the key to ensuring food security, improving agricultural economic benefits, and increasing farmers' income. Farmland intensive use transition is an important issue that needs to be examined urgently in land resources science. Analyzing the factors of land, labor, capital, and technology has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the optimal allocation of arable land resources, agricultural transformation and development, and quality agriculture. Based on the theory of farmland use system, this study used literature review and comprehensive induction to analyze the connotation of farmland intensive use transition from the perspective of factor substitution; the dynamic mechanism, evolution stage, and characteristics of farmland intensive use transition; and ways to optimize the regulation and control of farmland intensive use transition. The results show that: (1) Farmland use system is a natural-artificial composite system in which agricultural operators obtain agricultural products and benefits by inputting labor and production factors on farmland. The study on the transition of farmland intensive use can benefit from studies on the evolution of farmland use system. (2) The transition of intensive use of farmland refers to the trend transition of the elements and structure of the farmland use system as the external environment changes. The evolutionary process of the transition of intensive use of farmland is labor intensive stage capital intensive stage technology intensive stage, which has certain continuity and stage characteristics. (3) The dynamic mechanism of the transition of intensive use of farmland includes the non-synchronous evolution mechanism of the value and price of different elements, the mutual substitution and reorganization mechanism of each element, and the joint feedback mechanism in response to the perfect property rights. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive regulation in terms of promoting the value-added of farmland, adjusting the main subjects of farmland utilization, and subsidizing agricultural production.

Key words: farmland intensive use, transition, farmland use system, mechanism, process, regulation

杜国明, 薛濡壕, 于凤荣. 耕地集约利用转型的理论解析[J]. 资源科学, 2022, 44(3): 425-435.

DU Guoming, XUE Ruhao, YU Fengrong. Theoretical analysis of farmland intensive use transition[J]. Resources Science, 2022, 44(3): 425-435.

图/表 3

参考文献 33

[1]	陈祥云, 李荣耀, 赵劲松. 我国粮食安全政策: 演进轨迹、内在逻辑与战略取向[J]. 经济学家, 2020, (10): 117-128.
	[ Chen X Y, Li R Y, Zhao J S. Food security policy in China: Evolutionary trajectory, internal logic and strategic direction[J]. Economist, 2020, (10): 117-128.]
[2]	张荣天, 陆建飞. 长江经济带耕地集约利用多尺度时空特征与影响因素分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(24): 271-278.
	[ Zhang R T, Lu J F. Multiscale spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of intensive cultivated land use in Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(24): 271-278.]
[3]	田党生. 关于我国城市土地集约利用的研究及其反思[J]. 陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2010, 39(4): 189-192.
	[ Tian D S. A view of and reflection on intensified utilization of urban lands in our country[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2010, 39(4): 189-192.]
[4]	David R. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation[M]. Dover: John Murray, 1980.
[5]	爱德华·威斯特. 论资本用于土地[M]. 李宗正, 译. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1992.
	[ West E. Capital for Land[M]. Li Z Z, Trans. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1992.]
[6]	约翰·冯·杜能. 孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系[M]. 吴衡康, 译上海: 商务印书馆, 1986.
	Dunn Y. The Relationship between Isolated Countries and Agriculture and National Economy[M]. Wu H K, Trans. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1986.]
[7]	卡尔·马克思. 资本论: 第3卷[M]. 郭大力, 王亚楠, 译. 北京: 人民出版社, 1975.
	[ Marx K. On Capital: Volume 3[M]. Guo D L, Wang Y N, Trans. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1975.]
[8]	威廉·配第. 赋税论[M]. 邱霞, 原磊, 译. 上海: 商务印书馆, 1978.
	[ William P. Taxation Theory[M]. Qiu X, Yuan L, Trans. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1978.]
[9]	阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔. 经济学原理[M]. 朱志泰, 译. 上海: 商务印书馆, 1981.
	Marshall A. Principles of Economics[M]. Zhu Z T, Trans. Trans. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1981.]
[10]	宋小青, 欧阳竹. 耕地多功能内涵及其对耕地保护的启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 2012, 31(7): 859-868.
	[ Song X Q, Ou Y Z. Connotation of multifunctional cultivated land and its implications for cultivated land protection[J]. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(7): 859-868.]
[11]	王向东, 沈孝强, 王振波, 等. 中国耕地集约化利用评价2010-2016[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2019, 29(4): 58-67.
	[ Wang X D, Shen X Q, Wang Z B, et al. Dynamic evaluation of farmland intensive use in 2010-2016 in China[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2019, 29(4): 58-67.]
[12]	宋利利, 秦明周, 陈瑜琦, 等. 基于县级面板数据的河南省耕地利用集约度区域差异及其影响因素[J]. 水土保持研究, 2016, 23(4): 239-244.
	[ Song L L, Qing M Z, Chen Y Q, et al. Regional disparities and influencing factors of arable land use intensity in He'nan Province based on county-level panel data[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 23(4): 239-244.]
[13]	孔祥斌, 李翠珍, 王红雨, 等. 京冀平原区地块尺度农户耕地集约利用差异对比[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(11): 331-337.
	Kong X B, Li C Z, Wang H Y, et al. Analysis on arable land intensity difference at plot scale in Jingji Plain[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2010, 26(11): 331-337.]
[14]	邢璐平, 方斌, 向梦杰. 基于GWR模型的江苏省耕地集约利用水平时空变化特征及影响因素[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2019, 28(2): 376-386.
	Xing L P, Fang B, Xiang M J. Temporal and spatial variation of cultivated land intensive use level and its influencing factors in Jiangsu Province based on GWR Mode[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2019, 28(2): 376-386.]
[15]	谢花林, 邹金浪, 彭小琳. 基于能值的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地利用集约度时空差异分析[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(7): 889-902.
	Xie H L, Zhou J L, Peng X L. Spatial-temporal difference analysis of cultivated land use intensity based on emergy in Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(7): 889-902.]
[16]	陈瑜琦, 李秀彬. 1980年以来中国耕地利用集约度的结构特征[J]. 地理学报, 2009, 64(4): 469-478.
	Chen Y Q, Li X B. Structural change of agricultural land use intensity and its regional disparity in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2009, 64(4): 469-478.]
[17]	赵杨茜, 杨柳, 杨鹏. 喀斯特山区耕地集约利用态势及模式: 以贵州省荔波县为例[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2017, 45(17): 259-263.
	Zhao Y Q, Yang L, Yang P. The situation and model of intensive utilization of cultivated land in Karst Mountain Area: Take Libo county, Guizhou Province as an example[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(17): 259-263.]
[18]	吴郁玲, 冯忠垒, 周勇. 耕地集约利用影响因素的协整分析[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(11): 67-72.
	[ Wu Y L, Feng Z L, Zhou Y. Co-integration analysis on driving factors of intensive cultivated land use based on perspective of farmers: A case study of Hubei Province[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2011, 21(11): 67-72.]
[19]	马聪, 刘黎明. 不同经济发展水平地区耕地利用集约度比较[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(12): 2296-2306.
	Ma C, Liu L M. Cultivated land use intensity in regions with different economic development levels[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(12): 2296-2306.]
[20]	杜涛, 贾春香. 耕地集约利用时空特征及其变化规律研究: 以新疆为例[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(9): 114-118.
	Du T, Jia C X. Spatial-temporal characteristics and the change laws of intensive use of cultivated land in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(9): 114-118.]
[21]	毕宝德. 土地经济学[M]. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社, 2001: 210.
	[ Bi B D. Land Economics[M]. Beijing: China Renmin University Press, 2001: 210.]
[22]	龙禹桥, 吴文斌, 余强毅, 等. 耕地集约化利用研究进展评述[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018, 33(2): 337-350.
	Long Y Q, Wu W B, Yu Q Y, et al. Recent study progresses in intensive use of cropland[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2018, 33(2): 337-350.]
[23]	Long H L, Qu Y. Land use transitions and land management: A mutual feedback perspective[J]. Land Use Policy, 2018, (74): 111-120.
[24]	魏海霞, 汪应宏, 王辉, 等. 要素替代、技术进步与建设用地集约利用的关系研究[J]. 资源科学, 2014, 36(7): 1356-1364.
	[ Wei H X, Wang Y H, Wang H, et al. The relationship among intensive construction land use, factor substitution and technical progress[J]. Resources Science, 2014, 36(7): 1356-1364.]
[25]	孙华, 何茂萍, 胡明成. 全球变化背景下气候变暖对中国农业生产的影响[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2015, 36(7): 51-57.
	Sun H, He M P, Hu M C. Impact of global climatic warming on agricultural production in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2015, 36(7): 51-57.]
[26]	牛星. 区域土地利用系统演化分析与状态评价研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2008.
	[ Niu X. Study on Evolution Development and State Evaluation in Regional Land Use System[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2008.]
[27]	孟丽君, 黄灿, 陈鑫, 等. 曲周县耕地利用系统韧性评价[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(10): 1949-1958.
	[ Meng L J, Huang C, Chen X, et al. Evaluation of cultivated land system resilience of Quzhou County[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(10): 1949-1958.]
[28]	蒋和平, 蒋辉. 农业适度规模经营的实现路径研究[J]. 农业经济与管理, 2014, (1): 5-11.
	Jiang H P, Jiang H. Study on realization approach of farming on an optimum scale[J]. Agricultural Economics and Management, 2014, (1): 5-11.]
[29]	廖柳文, 龙花楼, 马恩朴. 乡村劳动力要素变动与耕地利用转型[J]. 经济地理, 2021, 41(2): 148-155.
	[ Liao L W, Long H L, Ma E P. Rural labor change and farmland use transition[J]. Economic Geography, 2021, 41(2): 148-155.]
[30]	金栋昌, 陈怀平. 马克思级差地租理论的文本意蕴及其现实适用性: 基于《资本论》文本内容的系统考察与应用分析[J]. 经济学家, 2019, (4): 21-29.
	[ Jin D C, Chen H P. Textual implication and practical applicability of Marx's differential land rent theory: Systematic investigation and application analysis based on the Textual Content of the “Capita”[J]. Economist, 2019, (4): 21-29.]
[31]	肖潇. 供给侧结构性改革中的劳动力问题刍议: 马克思劳动力价值理论的运用与发展[J]. 当代财经, 2017, (1): 9-15.
	[ Xiao X. On labor force issues in supply-side structural reform: Applications and development of Marx's labor value theory[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2017, (1): 9-15.]
[32]	薛峰, 何云峰. 马克思主义劳动理论视域下人工智能诠释的三个维度[J]. 重庆社会科学, 2019, (9): 61-69.
	[ Xue F, He Y F. Three dimensions of artificial intelligence interpretation from the perspective of marxist labor theory[J]. Chongqing Social Sciences, 2019, (9): 61-69.]
[33]	张喜才, 孔祥智. 中国农产品价值链变化、问题及对策研究[J]. 农村经济, 2020, (1): 8-15.
	Zhang X C, Kong X Z. Changes, problems and countermeasures in value chain of agricultural product in China[J]. Rural Economy, 2020, (1): 8-15.]