经营权权能对农户林地流入意愿的影响

doi:10.18402/resci.2022.02.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“三权分置”政策的实施使林地经营权成为一种独立的权利形态,其具体权能内容会对农民的林权流转积极性产生重要影响。本文采用选择实验法,构建林地经营权权能的属性指标,基于2019年对福建省三明市农户的调查数据,研究了林地经营权的权能设置对农户林地流入意愿的影响。结果表明：①林地经营权的具体权能内容会显著影响农户的林地流入意愿。具体而言,林地经营权抵押贷款、林地经营权入股以及续约的优先权对农户的林地流入意愿具有显著正向影响。②社会经济环境因素对农户林地流入意愿的影响不容忽视。其中,城乡社保统筹程度对农户的林地流入意愿具有显著正向影响,村集体林业经营收益分红和林地流入支付金额对农户的林地流入意愿具有显著负向影响。③农户的林地流入意愿存在个体异质性。鉴于此,本文提出扩展经营权权能、推动林地承包权和经营权的财产化、加强对农户林业经营方面的技术推广与培训等建议,以期对未来的林权制度改革方向提供参考。

关键词: 三权分置, 林地经营权权能, 选择实验法, 林地流入, Mixed Logit模型, 福建省三明市

Abstract:

The implementation of the policy of “Separation of Three Rights” made the management right of forestland an independent right form. Its specific right content has an important impact on farmers’ willingness to transfer forest rights. We identified the attribute indicators of forestland management right by using the choice experiment method. Based on the survey data of farmers in Sanming City, Fujian Province in 2019, this study examined the impact of the powers and functions of management right on farmers’ willingness to transfer in forestland. The results show that: (1) The specific power content of forestland management right significantly affected farmers’ willingness to transfer in forestland. Specifically, the powers of forestland management right used for mortgage loans, equity participation, and priority renewal had a significant positive impact on farmers’ willingness to transfer in forestland. (2) The influence of socioeconomic and environment factors on farmers’ willingness to transfer in forestland cannot be ignored. The degree of urban and rural social security coordination had a significant positive impact on farmers’ willingness to transfer in forestland. The village collectives’ forestry management income distribution ratio and the amount of forestland transfer payment had a significant negative impact on farmers’ willingness to transfer in forestland. (3) At the individual level, farmers’ willingness to transfer in forestland showed heterogeneity. In view of this, this article proposed to expand the power content of management right, promote the propertization of forestland contract right and management right, and strengthen technical training of farmers in forestry management, in order to provide a reference for the reform of the collective forest right system in the future.

Key words: Separation of Three Rights, the powers and functions of forestland management right, choice experiment, forestland transfer, Mixed Logit model, Sanming City of Fujian Province

贺超, 崔权雪, 刘炳薪. 经营权权能对农户林地流入意愿的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2022, 44(2): 309-319.

HE Chao, CUI Quanxue, LIU Bingxin. Impact of the powers and functions of management right on farmers’ willingness to transfer in forestland[J]. Resources Science, 2022, 44(2): 309-319.

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属性变量类型	属性	属性水平及赋值	预期作用方向
经营权权能	是否可以用经营权申请林权抵押贷款	是=1;否=0	正
	是否可以用经营权入股林业经济组织	是=1;否=0	正
	合同到期后是否拥有续签合同的优先权	是=1;否=0	正
环境因素	城乡社保统筹程度/%	50、70、90	正
	村集体收益分红比例/%	20、30、40	负
	林地流入支付金额/（元/（亩·年））	30、60、90、120	负

属性	选项1	选项2	选项3
是否可以用经营权申请林权抵押贷款	是	是	不转入林地
是否可以用经营权入股林业经济组织	是	否
合同到期后是否拥有续签合同的优先权	是	否
城乡社保统筹程度/%	70	50
村集体收益分红比例/%	30	30
林地流入支付金额/（元/（亩·年））	90	120

指标	变量含义和赋值	均值	标准差
受访者年龄/岁	受访时的年龄	54	10.542
受教育程度	1=小学及以下;2=初中;3=中专或高中;4=大专或本科及以上	1.980	0.861
是否为村干部	是=1;否=0	0.298	0.458
是否受过林业培训	是=1;否=0	0.274	0.446
家庭劳动力人口占比	劳动力人口/家庭总人口	0.544	0.283
家庭在村里的收入水平	1=较高;2=中等;3=较低	2.128	0.479
家庭林地面积/亩	受访者家庭林地总面积	66.585	391.167

变量	模型一		模型二
变量	变量系数	标准误	变量系数	标准误
ASC	-1.015***	0.309	1.617***	0.615
是否可以用经营权申请林权抵押贷款	2.681***	0.226	0.638***	0.072
是否可以用经营权入股林业经济组织	0.622***	0.069	0.577***	0.068
合同到期后是否拥有续签合同的优先权	0.551***	0.066	1.087***	0.068
城乡社保统筹程度	1.042***	0.066	2.689***	0.233
村集体收益分红	-1.587***	0.390	-1.565***	0.396
林地流入支付金额	-0.006***	0.001	-0.007***	0.001
ASC×年龄			-0.068***	0.006
ASC×受教育程度			0.464***	0.085
ASC×是否为村干部			0.128	0.132
ASC×是否受过林业培训			0.941***	0.139
ASC×家庭劳动力人口占比			1.119***	0.205
ASC×家庭在村里的收入水平			-0.193*	0.112
ASC×家庭林地面积			0.000	0.001
	Log likelihood=-3256.209		Log likelihood=-2955.202
	Prob>chi²=0.000		Prob>chi²=0.000