基于陆海统筹的南通市国土空间开发适宜性评价

doi:10.18402/resci.2022.02.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以陆海统筹视角评价国土空间开发适宜性对于促进海洋资源合理利用及海洋经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以江苏省南通市为例,建立陆海一体的开发适宜性评价分类方案;基于短板效应,构建并计算两级开发适宜性评价体系;基于长板效应,叠置二级评价得分,获得一级开发适宜性评价结果。结论表明：①叠置二级评价结果后,海域建设适宜及农业适宜结果得到修正,总体二者高适宜区及低适宜区未发生明显变化,一般及较高适宜区变化较多。②短板效应理论确保了刚性管控线划定的区域适宜性得分不变,从而落实底线区域优先保护原则;长板效应对一级开发适宜性评价结果中一般适宜区与较高适宜区影响明显;③城镇、农业及生态空间面积分别占研究区总面积的23.17%、58.56%及18.27%,城镇空间形成3个陆海联动核心及2个内陆城市组团,农业空间集聚效应显著,生态空间成网状发展。构建二级开发适宜性评价体系,能够进一步厘清陆海可开发模式,贴近区域实际发展情况,提高3类空间划定精准度。

关键词: 国土空间, 适宜性评价, 陆海统筹, 评价体系分类, 陆海交互区, 协调, 南通市

Abstract:

Territorial spatial development suitability evaluation from the perspective of land-sea coordination is of great significance for promoting the rational use of marine resources and the sustainable development of marine economy. Taking Nantong City as an example, this study conducted a land-sea suitability evaluation, calculated the secondary suitability based on the short-board-effect theory, and calculated the primary development suitability results by overlaying secondary suitability evaluation result layers. The results show that: (1) In general, the highest suitability zone and lowest suitability zone in the revised marine development suitability and agriculture suitability evaluations showed no obvious changes, but their medium suitability zone and medium-high suitability zone changed dramatically; (2) The short-board-effect theory ensured that the suitability results of the area divided by control lines was unchanged, therefore ensuring controlled regional priority protection, and the long-board-effect theory obviously affected the medium and medium-high suitability zones in primary suitability evaluation results; (3) Urban, agricultural, and ecological spaces accounted for 23.17%, 58.56%, and 18.27% of the study area, respectively; the urban space formed three “land-sea interacting cores” and two “inland city clusters”, the agricultural space showed significant agglomeration effect, and the ecological space presented a network form.

Key words: territorial space, suitability evaluation, land-sea coordination, evaluation system classification, land-sea interaction zone, coordination, Nantong City

冯佳凝, 刘荣娟, 濮励杰, 郄璐, 朱明. 基于陆海统筹的南通市国土空间开发适宜性评价[J]. 资源科学, 2022, 44(2): 299-308.

FENG Jianing, LIU Rongjuan, PU Lijie, QIE Lu, ZHU Ming. Suitability evaluation of territorial spatial development from the perspective of land-sea coordination: A case study of Nantong City, China[J]. Resources Science, 2022, 44(2): 299-308.

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区划级别	区划类型
一类区划	①城镇空间	②农业空间	③生态空间
二类区划
海域	①工业与城镇用海区、港口航运用海区、矿产与能源用海区、特殊利用用海区	②农渔业生产区	③旅游休闲娱乐区、海洋保护区、保留区
陆域	①城镇建设区、工矿生产区、交通物流区、特殊利用区	②农耕生产区	③生态旅游休闲区、生态保护区、未利用区

评价级别	评价类型
一级开发适宜性评价	①建设适宜性评价	②农业适宜性评价	③生态适宜性评价
二级开发适宜性评价
海域	①城镇与工业开发、港口开发适宜性	②农业种植、渔业养殖适宜性	③旅游与生态保护适宜性
陆域	①城镇与工业开发适宜性	②农业种植适宜性	③旅游与生态保护适宜性

指标维度	指标属性	指标因子	城镇与工业开发（陆海同一体系）	农业种植（陆海同一体系）	旅游与生态保护（陆海同一体系）	渔业养殖（海域独立体系）	港口开发（海域独立体系）
土地资源	限制性	耕地重要性	√	√	√	√	√
	约束性	土地功能适宜性（表4、表5）	√	√	√	√	√
	适宜性	土壤pH		√
	适宜性	土壤有机质		√
	适宜性	人均可利用土地资源/（km²/人）	√
水资源	适宜性	淡水资源邻近性	√	√			√
水资源	适宜性	人均可利用水资源/（m³/人）	√
生态资源	限制性	生态重要性	√	√	√	√	√
生态资源	适宜性	景观邻近性			√
区位优势	适宜性	人均GDP/（元/人）	√				√
	适宜性	交通可达性	√				√
	适宜性	村庄邻近性		√		√
海洋资源	限制性	是否禁止开发区	√	√	√	√	√
	适宜性	近港水深/m					√
	适宜性	潮差/m					√
	适宜性	沿海水质			√	√	√
	适宜性	海岸线邻近性					√

土地利用类型	城镇与工业开发	农业种植	旅游与生态保护
耕地	0.8	1.0	0.2
园地	0.6	0.8	0.8
林地	0.2	0.4	1.0
牧草地	0.4	0.6	0.6
居民点和工矿用地	1.0	0.2	0.0
交通用地	1.0	0.0	0.0
水域	0.0	0.0	1.0
未利用地	0.4	0.6	0.4

用海类型	城镇与工业开发	农业种植	旅游与生态保护	渔业养殖	港口开发
农渔业区	0.6	1.0	0.6	1.0	0.4
港口航运区	0.8	0.0	0.2	0.2	1.0
工业与城镇用海区	1.0	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.8
旅游休闲娱乐区	0.2	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.0
海洋保护区	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.0
特殊利用区	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0