基于夜间灯光数据的1992—2020年老挝经济社会发展时空变化

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.12.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

老挝是中国的重要邻国,也是“一带一路”倡议和澜沧江—湄公河合作机制的重要合作伙伴,经济基础较为薄弱,但发展势头迅猛,经济社会发展深受周边国家的影响。本文以长时间序列夜间灯光数据为主要数据源,构建了一套适用于老挝实际的DMSP和VIIRS夜间灯光数据集成方法,通过对老挝全国夜间灯光的空间分异、灯光重心的时空演变、各行政区灯光高值区变化、主要城市及边境地区的灯光时空特征分析,系统研究了1992—2020年老挝经济社会发展空间格局及变化特征。研究表明：①2020年,老挝灯光高值区面积仅占国土总面积的1.0%,各省（市）发展水平差距明显,未来发展潜力巨大;②1992—2020年,灯光重心的空间变化轨迹呈鲜明的“V”字型特征,2006年后北部地区城市发展速度相对快于南部地区;③按2020年灯光高值区面积进行评价,老挝最大的5个城市依次是万象市、沙湾拿吉市、巴色市、琅勃拉邦市和沙耶武里市;④首都万象的城市首位度虽持续下降,但仍处于绝对优势,万象灯光高值区面积占老挝全国的1/3;⑤老泰边境是老挝边境经济社会活动的主要地区,老中边境地区面积虽小,但2013年以来灯光数据提升最快。精准认知老挝经济社会发展的空间格局及其时间变化,对于开展中老合作具有现实意义。

关键词: 夜间灯光, DMSP-OLS, NPP-VIIRS, 城市首位度, 边境发展, 时空变化, 老挝

Abstract:

Laos is China’s important neighboring country and one of the key regions of the Belt and Road initiative. It is also the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Its economic foundation is weak, but the development momentum is high. The economic and social developments are deeply influenced by the neighboring countries. Accurate understanding of the spatial pattern and temporal changes of Laos’ economic and social developments is of great practical significance for China-Laos cooperation. Based on the long time series nightlight data, this study developed a Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nighttime light data integration method suitable for Laos. Through the analysis of the spatial differentiation of the current situation of nighttime lights in Laos, the temporal and spatial change of light gravity center, the areal change of high value areas of lights in each administrative region, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of lights in major cities and border areas, this study systematically examined the spatial pattern and change characteristics of economic and social developments in Laos in recent 30 years. (1) In 2020, the total area of high value areas of lights in Laos was 2488.9 km². Vientiane, the capital city of Laos, was still in an absolute dominant position in spite of a continuous decline in city primacy level. In 2020, the high value areas of lights in Vientiane accounted for 1/3 of the total area of that in Laos. (2) The spatial variation trajectory of light center of gravity showed a distinct V shape. After 2006, urban development in the northern region was faster than that in the southern region, and the economic and social development gaps between the north and the south decreased. (3) From 1992 to 2020, the economic and social developments of Laos continued, and the total area of the high value areas of lights increased by 85.4 km² annually. According to the areal evaluation of the high value areas of lights in 2020, the five largest cities in Laos were Vientiane, Basse, Sawan Naket, Luang Prabang, and Xayaburi. (4) The Laos-Thailand border area is the main area of economic and social activities in the border areas of Laos, with the area of high light value accounting for 35.7% of the country’s total and 90.5% of the border areas. The Laos-China border area, though small, has seen the biggest increase.

Key words: nighttime lights, DMSP-OLS, NPP-VIIRS, urban primacy, border development, spatiotemporal change, Laos

姜鲁光, 杨成, 刘晔. 基于夜间灯光数据的1992—2020年老挝经济社会发展时空变化[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(12): 2381-2392.

JIANG Luguang, YANG Cheng, LIU Ye. Spatiotemporal changes of economic and social development in Laos based on nighttime light data, 1992-2020[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(12): 2381-2392.

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年份	卫星序号	a	b	R²
1992	F10	0.8191	1.2179	0.8762
2000	F15	0.8177	1.2107	0.8811
2006	F15	0.9571	1.1561	0.9647
2013	F18	0.6377	1.0691	0.8995

排序	行政区	人口/万人	行政区	DN高值区面积/km²	行政区	人均灯光占有量/ （DN总量/万人）
1	沙湾拿吉省	105.4	万象市	818.5	万象市	1413.6
2	万象市	92.8	沙湾拿吉省	255.6	赛宋奔省	1127.0
3	占巴塞省	74.3	沙耶武里省	213.7	博胶省	958.9
4	琅勃拉邦省	46.3	博胶省	153.2	沙耶武里省	678.2
5	万象省	45.6	占巴塞省	140.6	阿速坡省	600.2
6	沙拉湾省	43.5	甘蒙省	128.2	甘蒙省	411.1
7	甘蒙省	42.7	万象省	125.8	波里坎塞省	382.0
8	沙耶武里省	41.8	琅勃拉邦省	124.4	琅南塔省	371.0
9	乌多姆塞省	34.0	波里坎塞省	86.5	沙湾拿吉省	365.9
10	华潘省	30.9	赛宋奔省	86.0	琅勃拉邦省	346.2
11	波里坎塞省	30.9	阿速坡省	70.0	万象省	311.8
12	川圹省	26.5	乌多姆塞省	69.1	乌多姆塞省	270.7
13	博胶省	20.0	琅南塔省	64.8	川圹省	255.0
14	琅南塔省	19.6	川圹省	46.9	占巴塞省	252.9
15	丰沙里省	19.2	沙拉湾省	36.0	塞公省	204.5
16	阿速坡省	15.7	华潘省	25.7	丰沙里省	124.3
17	塞公省	12.7	塞公省	22.9	华潘省	111.3
18	赛宋奔省	10.5	丰沙里省	21.0	沙拉湾省	103.1
	合计	712.4	合计	2488.9	均值	495.6

重心迁移特征	1992—2000年	2000—2006年	2006—2013年	2013—2020年
距离/km	45.7	26.0	18.3	26.7
角度/°	-28.1	-13.8	96.1	99.7
速度/（km/a）	5.7	4.3	2.6	3.8

行政区	1992年	2000年	2006年	2013年	2020年
万象市	95.8	193.5	230.6	434.8	818.5
沙湾拿吉省	2.0	14.7	50.8	97.7	255.6
沙耶武里省	0.0	0.0	0.0	60.6	213.7
博胶省	0.0	0.0	0.0	18.6	153.2
占巴塞省	0.0	21.5	29.3	53.7	140.6
甘蒙省	1.0	18.6	23.5	35.2	128.2
万象省	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.8	125.8
琅勃拉邦省	0.0	16.6	31.3	47.9	124.4
波里坎塞省	0.0	0.0	0.0	15.6	86.5
赛宋奔省	0.0	0.0	3.9	41.0	86.0
阿速坡省	0.0	1.0	1.0	32.2	70.0
乌多姆塞省	0.0	0.0	0.0	8.8	69.1
琅南塔省	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.9	64.8
川圹省	0.0	0.0	0.0	38.1	46.9
沙拉湾省	0.0	0.0	0.0	5.9	36.0
华潘省	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.9	25.7
塞公省	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22.9
丰沙里省	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21.0
全国	98.7	265.8	370.3	908.7	2488.7

边境	边境类型	边境地区面积/km²	DN均值		灯光高值区面积/km²		灯光高值区DN均值
边境	边境类型	边境地区面积/km²	2013年	2020年	2013年	2020年	2013年	2020年
老挝—中国	中国境	3692.5	2.9	9.1	8.8	51.8	29.5	30.5
老挝—中国	老挝境	3823.2	2.9	8.8	2.0	14.8	29.0	27.1
老挝—缅甸	缅甸境	2187.8	3.4	9.3	2.0	6.8	23.6	27.9
老挝—缅甸	老挝境	2334.1	3.1	9.6	5.9	47.6	33.9	32.2
老挝—泰国	泰国境	16257.1	7.4	13.0	808.1	1703.1	34.5	33.8
老挝—泰国	老挝境	16641.3	5.8	11.2	457.3	888.3	40.5	38.5
老挝—柬埔寨	柬埔寨境	4116.6	2.4	7.7	0.0	3.9	0.0	22.8
老挝—柬埔寨	老挝境	4284.4	2.5	7.7	0.0	13.6	0.0	26.3
老挝—越南	越南境	17316.3	2.9	8.2	18.6	42.0	33.8	30.5
老挝—越南	老挝境	17336.4	2.8	8.0	2.9	17.4	26.7	28.9
合计/均值	邻国境	43570.3	4.7	10.5	837.5	1807.6	34.4	33.6
合计/均值	老挝境	44419.4	3.9	9.3	468.1	981.7	40.3	37.7