基于水费承受能力的水权交易价格管制区间——以灌溉用水户水权交易为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.08.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业用水流转的关键在于水权交易市场的建设,灌溉用水户水权交易对于提高灌溉用水效率,实现农村水资源优化分配具有重要作用。交易价格的确定是灌溉用水户水权交易管理的难点,过低的价格会导致水资源浪费,过高的价格不利于农业发展,此时政府的价格管制尤为重要。以2019年8—9月河北省石家庄市元氏县发生的灌溉用水户水权交易作为研究对象,首先用ELES模型判断农户所在地区经济水平,根据地区经济水平决定灌溉用水户的水费承受能力,应用水费承受指数模型确定水权交易价格管制上限;然后基于灌溉用水户水权交易的特点,将资源水价作为水权交易价格管制下限,应用模糊数学法确定资源水价。研究结果如下：①2019年元氏县灌溉用水户水权交易的价格管制区间为[0.11, 0.26]元/m³;②2019年元氏县实际水权交易价格为0.06元/m³,低于管制区间下限,表明实际水权交易价格不利于该地区农业用水的节约与保护,此类交易应该被制止;③地方水利机构应制定水权交易价格管制区间,并确保水权交易在价格管制区间内进行,使水权交易能实现经济与生态双重优化的目标。

关键词: 灌溉用水户, 水权交易价格, 价格管制, 水费承受力, 扩展线性支出系统（ELES模型）, 河北省元氏县

Abstract:

The key to the circulation of agricultural water use rights is the construction of water rights trading market, and the trading of irrigation water rights plays an important role in improving the efficiency of irrigation water use and realizing the optimal distribution of rural water resources. The determination of transaction price is difficult for water rights transaction of irrigation water users. Too low a price will lead to water waste, and too high a price is not conducive to agricultural development, therefore government price regulation is particularly important. Taking the data of water rights transaction in Yuanshi County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province from August to September 2019, this study first used the extended linear expenditure system (ELES) model to determine the local economic level of farmers, affordability of irrigation water to users, and the upper limit of water rights trading price. Then, based on the characteristics of irrigation water users’ water rights transaction, resource price of water was taken as the lower limit of water rights transaction price regulation, which was calculated by fuzzy mathematics method. The main conclusions are: (1) The price control range of water rights transaction for irrigation water users in Yuanshi County in 2019 was [0.11, 0.26] yuan/m³. (2) In 2019, the actual trading price of water rights in the county was 0.06 yuan/m³, lower than the lower limit of the regulation range, indicating that the actual trading price of water rights is not beneficial to the conservation and protection of agricultural water in the region, and such trading should be stopped. (3) The government should set the price regulation range of water rights trading and ensure that water rights trading is carried out within the price control range, so that the transactions can achieve the goal of economic and ecological optimization.

Key words: irrigation water users, water rights trading price, price regulation, water affordability, ELES model, Yuanshi County of Hebei Province

陈艳萍, 朱瑾. 基于水费承受能力的水权交易价格管制区间——以灌溉用水户水权交易为例[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(8): 1638-1648.

CHEN Yanping, ZHU Jin. Regulation of water rights trading price based on affordability:Taking water rights trading between irrigation water users as an example[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(8): 1638-1648.

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评价因素	评价等级
评价因素	高	较高	中等	较低	低
人均水资源量/m³	500	1000	1700	3000	5000
水质（综合指数）	0.5	1.5	2.5	3.5	4.5
地区有效灌溉面积与播种面积之比	0.90	0.68	0.64	0.55	0.40
地区水生产相关从业人员数量与劳动力资源比值	0.010	0.009	0.005	0.004	0.003

项目	金额/元	占人均年总消费比例/%	占人均年可支配收入比例/%
人均年总消费	8416.56	100.00	61.73
人均年可支配收入	13635.00	162.00	100.00
食品	2295.79	27.28	16.84
衣着	592.43	7.04	4.34
居住	2059.97	24.48	15.11
生活用品及服务	760.62	9.04	5.58
医疗保健	635.56	7.55	4.66
交通和通讯	1355.51	16.11	9.94
教育文化娱乐	655.03	7.78	4.80
其他	175.10	2.08	1.28

因变量	α	η	R²	T检验值	p值
食品	0.078	1222.87	0.997	34.00	0.0001
衣着	0.018	343.18	0.996	26.80	0.0001
居住	0.057	1274.05	0.934	9.30	0.0027
生活用品及服务	0.038	234.00	0.987	15.20	0.0006
医疗保健	0.011	458.44	0.753	3.18	0.0130
交通和通讯	0.058	550.87	0.774	3.20	0.0491
教育文化娱乐	0.011	513.03	0.433	2.87	0.0131
其他	0.005	99.07	0.624	3.64	0.0066

项目	边际消费倾向	基本需求支出/元
食品	0.078	1728.73
衣着	0.018	459.91
居住	0.057	1643.72
生活用品及服务	0.038	480.44
医疗保健	0.011	529.78
交通和通讯	0.058	927.03
教育文化娱乐	0.011	584.37
其他	0.005	131.50

农作物	种子	机耕	化肥	农药	总成本
小麦	87.50	351.00	167.00	37.00	598.50
玉米	31.10	97.30	185.80	7.70	418.40