资源科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 1454-1466.doi: 10.18402/resci.2021.07.14
收稿日期:
2021-04-21
修回日期:
2021-08-11
出版日期:
2021-07-25
发布日期:
2021-08-27
通讯作者:
姜广辉,男,山东东阿人,教授,博士生导师,从事土地评价、规划与可持续利用研究。E-mail: macrophage@bnu.edu.cn作者简介:
赵庆磊,男,山东新泰人,讲师,从事土地评价、规划与整治研究。E-mail: zqlsdxt05@163.com
基金资助:
ZHAO Qinglei1,2(), MA Wenqiu3, QU Yanbo4, JIANG Guanghui2(
)
Received:
2021-04-21
Revised:
2021-08-11
Online:
2021-07-25
Published:
2021-08-27
摘要:
探索宅基地功能变化规律可深化土地利用多功能研究,为制定切实有效的宅基地管理制度提供科学依据。本文构建了“社会保障—收益—留置”宅基地多功能分类体系,基于613处样本宅基地调查资料,运用核密度法和多分类Logistic回归模型分析了北京市平谷区宅基地多功能演变特征,揭示“农户—宅基地—村庄”多要素综合作用下宅基地功能形成机理。结果表明:①2005—2018年,宅基地社会保障功能呈显著弱化趋势,收益功能和留置功能则显示出增强态势,功能结构由83.2%:6.9%:9.9%变为71.8%:10.6%:17.6%。②社会保障功能在经济落后山区较强,空间形态由条—带状向片—面状集聚分布演变,体现出区域农户对其居住保障性的依赖;收益功能集聚在经济较好平原区及近郊半山区,分布格局由点状演化为点—带状扩展态势,以适应休闲农业、旅游等需要;而留置功能则在经济中等半山区强化,形态由片—面状向点—带状分散化布局,反映区域农户在外工作增多与对宅基地潜在价值的期望。③基于农户视角,区位、经济、地形等村庄特征是宅基地多功能形成的激发因素,家庭人口、收入的规模和结构等农户特征是宅基地功能形成的能动因素,宅基地位置、规模、建造年代等是宅基地功能发挥的限制因素。新型农村社区建设和宅基地制度改革中,应遵循宅基地功能演变与分化规律,按照农户—宅基地—村庄综合特征的差异分类施策。
赵庆磊, 马雯秋, 曲衍波, 姜广辉. 宅基地多功能演变与形成机理[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(7): 1454-1466.
ZHAO Qinglei, MA Wenqiu, QU Yanbo, JIANG Guanghui. Multifunctional evolution and formation mechanism of rural homestead[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(7): 1454-1466.
表3
宅基地功能演变类型与村庄区位的关系
村庄区位 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量 | 比例/% | 数量 | 比例/% | 数量 | 比例/% | 数量 | 比例/% | 数量 | 比例/% | 数量 | 比例/% | |||||||
村委会到区政府距离/km | (0, 5] | 9 | 40.9 | 3 | 6.1 | 1 | 50 | 40 | 9.1 | 12 | 28.6 | 12 | 20.2 | |||||
(5, 10] | 3 | 13.7 | 5 | 10.2 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 13.0 | 11 | 26.2 | 9 | 15.3 | ||||||
(10, 20] | 7 | 31.8 | 6 | 12.3 | 1 | 50 | 120 | 27.3 | 7 | 16.7 | 21 | 35.6 | ||||||
(20, 30] | 2 | 9.1 | 23 | 46.9 | 0 | 0 | 141 | 32.1 | 7 | 16.6 | 8 | 13.6 | ||||||
(30, 40] | 1 | 4.5 | 12 | 24.5 | 0 | 0 | 81 | 18.5 | 5 | 11.9 | 9 | 15.3 |
表5
农村宅基地功能形成的影响因素
影响因素 | 变量描述 | 收益功能 | 留置功能 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | | ||||
村庄 | 村庄区位I11/(1/km) | 村委会到区委政府测量距离的倒数 | 4.14 | 62.77*** | 0.30 | 0.74 | |
村庄经济I12/万元 | 近3年村集体的平均收入 | 0.34 | 1.40* | -0.13 | 0.88* | ||
地形I13 | 平原=3,半山区=2,山区=1 | -0.02 | 0.98* | -6.21 | 0.002* | ||
宅基地 | 宅基地位置I21 | 主路=4,一般道路=3,村庄内部=2,村庄边缘=1 | 0.54 | 1.72*** | -0.92 | 0.40 | |
宅基地面积I22/m2 | 农户宅基地总面积 | 1.47 | 4.33* | 0.39 | 1.47 | ||
建设年代I23/年 | (0, 5]=1,(5, 10]=2,(10, 20]=3,(20, 30]=4,(30, 40]=5 | -0.19 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 2.71* | ||
家庭 | 非农收入比重I31/% | 非农收入在农户家庭总收入中比重 | 1.54 | 4.67 | 0.58 | 1.78** | |
实际耕种面积I32/hm2 | 实际耕种的农地面积 | -2.12 | 0.12* | -0.40 | 0.67 | ||
户主 | 年龄I41/岁 | (0, 30]=1,(30, 45]=2,(45, 60]=3,(60, 100]=4 | 0.29 | 1.33 | -0.24 | 0.79* | |
受教育水平I42 | 小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中或职业学校=3,大学及以上=4 | 0.39 | 1.47 | 0.55 | 1.74* | ||
职业I43 | 无业=1,务农=2,兼农=3,临时工=4,个体经营=5,正式工作=6 | -1.24 | 0.29* | 1.23 | 3.42*** |
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