贫困地区农户宅基地有偿退出行为的影响路径——基于家庭生命周期视角

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.07.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为的影响路径对于实施宅基地退出政策具有重要的理论意义与现实意义。本文基于家庭生命周期视角,根据计划行为理论,结合全国农村宅基地改革试点县中唯一的贫困县——安徽省金寨县333份农户的微观调研数据,运用结构方程模型,探讨了贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为的影响路径,并对比分析了不同类型家庭宅基地退出行为影响路径的差异。结果表明：①贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为基本遵循计划行为理论,影响路径包括“行为态度→退出意愿→退出行为”和“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”,且主观规范是主导因素,行为态度次之,农户宅基地退出意愿显著正向影响其退出行为。②不同类型家庭宅基地退出行为的影响路径不同,其中抚幼养老型家庭和养老型家庭的影响路径与样本总体路径一致,包括“行为态度→退出意愿→退出行为”和“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”;抚幼型家庭的影响路径仅有“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”,且其主观规范对退出意愿的影响强于养老型家庭和抚幼养老型家庭。提出了针对不同类型家庭实施不同的农户宅基地退出激励政策,有效利用农户的社会网络,健全宅基地退出后的配套政策,以及严格落实宅基地退出补偿资金的信息公开和按时支付制度等建议。

关键词: 宅基地退出, 影响路径, 计划行为理论, 家庭生命周期理论, 贫困地区, 安徽省金寨县

Abstract:

Exploring the paths of influence of farmers’ homestead exiting behavior in poor areas has important theoretical and practical significance for implementing the homestead withdrawal policy. Based on the planned behavior theory and the survey data of 333 farming households in Jinzhai County of Anhui Province the only poor county in the pilot counties of China’s rural homestead reform program, a structural equation model was used to explore the paths of influence of homestead exiting behavior of farmers from the perspective of family life cycle. Differences in the paths of influence of different types of families were also compared and analyzed. The results show that the homestead exiting behavior of rural households in poor areas basically follows the theory of planned behavior, and the influence paths include “behavior attitude → willingness to withdraw → withdrawal behavior” and “subjective norms → willingness to withdraw → withdrawal behavior”. Subjective norms are the dominant factor, followed by behavior attitude, and the willingness of rural households to withdraw from homesteads significantly positively affects their withdrawal behavior. Different types of family homesteads have different influence paths for the withdrawal behavior. The influence paths of families with high demand for support and elderly-care families are “behavior attitude → withdrawal willingness → withdrawal behavior” and “subjective norms → withdrawal willingness → withdrawal behavior”. The influence path of child-raising families is “subjective norms → withdrawal willingness → withdrawing behavior”, and the influence of subjective norms on the child-raising families is stronger than that of elderly-care families and families with high demand for support. This article further put forward some recommendations: implementing different incentive policies for farmers’ homestead withdraw for different types of families, effective use of rural social relations and social networks, improving supporting policies after homestead withdraw, strict implementation of information disclosure and timely payment systems for homestead withdrawal compensation funds, and so on.

Key words: homestead withdrawal, the influence path, planned behavior theory, family life cycle, poor areas, Jinzhai County of Anhui Province

高原, 孙鹏飞, 赵凯. 贫困地区农户宅基地有偿退出行为的影响路径——基于家庭生命周期视角[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(7): 1403-1418.

GAO Yuan, SUN Pengfei, ZHAO Kai. The influence path of farmers’ homestead withdrawal behavior in poor areas:From the family life cycle perspective[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(7): 1403-1418.

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家庭类型	划分标准
无抚养负担家庭	家中没有16岁以下（不含16岁）的子女,也没有65岁以上（不含65岁）的老人
抚幼型家庭	家中有16岁以下的子女,没有65岁以上的老人
养老型家庭	家中没有16岁以下的子女,有65岁以上的老人
抚幼养老型家庭	家中既有16岁以下的子女,也有65岁以上的老人

类型	项目	户数	比例/%	均值	标准差
户主年龄/岁	≤45	62	18.6	56.38	12.23
	[46, 55]	99	29.8
	[56, 65]	87	26.1
	≥66	85	25.5
户主受教育年限/年	0	50	15.0	6.02	4.00
	[1, 6]	138	41.4
	[7, 9]	109	17.2
	[10, 12]	20	6.0
	≥13	16	4.8
家庭人口/人	≤3	115	34.5	4.12	1.64
	[4, 6]	206	61.9
	>6	12	3.6
家庭人均年收入/万元	≤1	130	39.0	1.43	11823.43
	（1, 2]	133	40.0
	>2	70	21.0
是否为建档立卡贫困户	是=1	180	54.1	0.54	0.50
	否=0	153	45.9
住房建筑面积/m²	<100	69	20.7	177.15	87.99
	[100, 200]	174	52.3
	>200	90	27.0
是否持有宅基地使用权证	是=1	278	83.5	0.83	0.37
	否=0	55	16.5

潜变量	信度检验	效度检验
潜变量	Cronbach’s α系数	KMO	Bartlett球形检验
行为态度	0.716	0.742	0.000
主观规范	0.659	0.627	0.000
知觉行为控制	0.838	0.805	0.000
退出意愿	0.760	0.772	0.000
退出行为	0.851	0.780	0.000

潜变量	编号	观测变量	变量界定	均值	标准差
行为态度	BA1	有利于村庄规划发展	1=完全不同意;2=比较不同意;3=一般;4=比较同意;5=非常同意	4.051	0.892
	BA2	有利于提升居住环境	同上	4.252	0.841
	BA3	有利于提升子女教育	同上	3.901	0.987
	BA4	有利于提高生活质量	同上	4.216	0.892
主观规范	SN1	村委会认为应该退出	同上	3.928	0.964
	SN2	亲戚朋友认为应该退出	同上	3.563	0.940
	SN3	家人认为应该退出	同上	3.865	1.019
知觉行为控制	PBC1	退出政策不健全	同上	2.369	1.174
	PBC2	农户专业知识缺乏	同上	2.610	1.196
	PBC3	农户资金不足	同上	2.309	1.250
	PBC4	房屋建造年限较短	同上	2.637	1.265
退出意愿	W1	如政府能提供价格合理的集中居住区安置房,会愿意退出宅基地	同上	4.267	0.816
	W2	若能提供就业保障,会愿意退出宅基地	同上	4.189	0.859
	W3	若政府能提供社会保险,会愿意退出宅基地	同上	4.177	0.945
	W4	若能保留土地承包权,会愿意退出宅基地	同上	3.964	0.993
退出行为结果	BH1	对退出补偿弥补损失的满意度	1=很不满意;2=不满意;3=一般;4=满意;5=很满意	3.477	1.204
	BH2	对退出后生活的适应程度	1=不适应;2=不太适应;3=基本适应;4=比较适应;5=非常适应	4.000	0.979
	BH3	对退出补偿及时性的满意度	1=很不满意;2=不满意;3=一般;4=满意;5=很满意	3.673	1.040
	BH4	对退出补偿标准一致的满意度	1=很不满意;2=不满意;3=一般;4=满意;5=很满意	3.508	1.148

	绝对适配度指数			增值适配度指数			简约适配度指数
	Χ ²/df	GFI	RMSEA	NFI	CFI	IFI	PGFI	PNFI
一般标准	<3	[0, 1]	<0.1	[0, 1]	[0, 1]	[0, 1]	[0, 1]	[0, 1]
最佳标准	<2	>0.9	<0.05	>0.9	>0.9	>0.9	>0.5	>0.5
实际拟合值	2.4	0.902	0.065	0.858	0.911	0.912	0.693	0.732
结果	一般	理想	一般	一般	理想	理想	理想	理想