资源科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 1403-1418.doi: 10.18402/resci.2021.07.10
收稿日期:
2020-07-27
修回日期:
2020-12-23
出版日期:
2021-07-25
发布日期:
2021-08-27
通讯作者:
赵凯,男,宁夏固原人,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为农业经济管理、土地经济等。E-mail: zhaokai@nwafu.edu.cn作者简介:
高原,女,甘肃白银人,博士研究生,研究方向为农业经济管理。E-mail: 1140624150@qq.com
基金资助:
GAO Yuan1(), SUN Pengfei2, ZHAO Kai1(
)
Received:
2020-07-27
Revised:
2020-12-23
Online:
2021-07-25
Published:
2021-08-27
摘要:
探究贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为的影响路径对于实施宅基地退出政策具有重要的理论意义与现实意义。本文基于家庭生命周期视角,根据计划行为理论,结合全国农村宅基地改革试点县中唯一的贫困县——安徽省金寨县333份农户的微观调研数据,运用结构方程模型,探讨了贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为的影响路径,并对比分析了不同类型家庭宅基地退出行为影响路径的差异。结果表明:①贫困地区农户宅基地退出行为基本遵循计划行为理论,影响路径包括“行为态度→退出意愿→退出行为”和“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”,且主观规范是主导因素,行为态度次之,农户宅基地退出意愿显著正向影响其退出行为。②不同类型家庭宅基地退出行为的影响路径不同,其中抚幼养老型家庭和养老型家庭的影响路径与样本总体路径一致,包括“行为态度→退出意愿→退出行为”和“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”;抚幼型家庭的影响路径仅有“主观规范→退出意愿→退出行为”,且其主观规范对退出意愿的影响强于养老型家庭和抚幼养老型家庭。提出了针对不同类型家庭实施不同的农户宅基地退出激励政策,有效利用农户的社会网络,健全宅基地退出后的配套政策,以及严格落实宅基地退出补偿资金的信息公开和按时支付制度等建议。
高原, 孙鹏飞, 赵凯. 贫困地区农户宅基地有偿退出行为的影响路径——基于家庭生命周期视角[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(7): 1403-1418.
GAO Yuan, SUN Pengfei, ZHAO Kai. The influence path of farmers’ homestead withdrawal behavior in poor areas:From the family life cycle perspective[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(7): 1403-1418.
表2
宅基地退出农户基本情况
类型 | 项目 | 户数 | 比例/% | 均值 | 标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
户主年龄/岁 | ≤45 | 62 | 18.6 | 56.38 | 12.23 |
[46, 55] | 99 | 29.8 | |||
[56, 65] | 87 | 26.1 | |||
≥66 | 85 | 25.5 | |||
户主受教育年限/年 | 0 | 50 | 15.0 | 6.02 | 4.00 |
[1, 6] | 138 | 41.4 | |||
[7, 9] | 109 | 17.2 | |||
[10, 12] | 20 | 6.0 | |||
≥13 | 16 | 4.8 | |||
家庭人口/人 | ≤3 | 115 | 34.5 | 4.12 | 1.64 |
[4, 6] | 206 | 61.9 | |||
>6 | 12 | 3.6 | |||
家庭人均年收入/万元 | ≤1 | 130 | 39.0 | 1.43 | 11823.43 |
(1, 2] | 133 | 40.0 | |||
>2 | 70 | 21.0 | |||
是否为建档立卡贫困户 | 是=1 | 180 | 54.1 | 0.54 | 0.50 |
否=0 | 153 | 45.9 | |||
住房建筑面积/m2 | <100 | 69 | 20.7 | 177.15 | 87.99 |
[100, 200] | 174 | 52.3 | |||
>200 | 90 | 27.0 | |||
是否持有宅基地使用权证 | 是=1 | 278 | 83.5 | 0.83 | 0.37 |
否=0 | 55 | 16.5 |
表4
农户宅基地退出调查问卷观测变量的描述性统计
潜变量 | 编号 | 观测变量 | 变量界定 | 均值 | 标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
行为态度 | BA1 | 有利于村庄规划发展 | 1=完全不同意;2=比较不同意;3=一般;4=比较同意;5=非常同意 | 4.051 | 0.892 |
BA2 | 有利于提升居住环境 | 同上 | 4.252 | 0.841 | |
BA3 | 有利于提升子女教育 | 同上 | 3.901 | 0.987 | |
BA4 | 有利于提高生活质量 | 同上 | 4.216 | 0.892 | |
主观规范 | SN1 | 村委会认为应该退出 | 同上 | 3.928 | 0.964 |
SN2 | 亲戚朋友认为应该退出 | 同上 | 3.563 | 0.940 | |
SN3 | 家人认为应该退出 | 同上 | 3.865 | 1.019 | |
知觉行为控制 | PBC1 | 退出政策不健全 | 同上 | 2.369 | 1.174 |
PBC2 | 农户专业知识缺乏 | 同上 | 2.610 | 1.196 | |
PBC3 | 农户资金不足 | 同上 | 2.309 | 1.250 | |
PBC4 | 房屋建造年限较短 | 同上 | 2.637 | 1.265 | |
退出意愿 | W1 | 如政府能提供价格合理的集中居住区安置房,会愿意退出宅基地 | 同上 | 4.267 | 0.816 |
W2 | 若能提供就业保障,会愿意退出宅基地 | 同上 | 4.189 | 0.859 | |
W3 | 若政府能提供社会保险,会愿意退出宅基地 | 同上 | 4.177 | 0.945 | |
W4 | 若能保留土地承包权,会愿意退出宅基地 | 同上 | 3.964 | 0.993 | |
退出行为结果 | BH1 | 对退出补偿弥补损失的满意度 | 1=很不满意;2=不满意;3=一般;4=满意;5=很满意 | 3.477 | 1.204 |
BH2 | 对退出后生活的适应程度 | 1=不适应;2=不太适应;3=基本适应;4=比较适应;5=非常适应 | 4.000 | 0.979 | |
BH3 | 对退出补偿及时性的满意度 | 1=很不满意;2=不满意;3=一般;4=满意;5=很满意 | 3.673 | 1.040 | |
BH4 | 对退出补偿标准一致的满意度 | 1=很不满意;2=不满意;3=一般;4=满意;5=很满意 | 3.508 | 1.148 |
表6
影响因素分析结果
潜变量 | 观测变量 | 因子载荷 | 标准化载荷系数 | C.R(t值) |
---|---|---|---|---|
行为态度 | BA1 | 0.728 | 0.675*** | 9.490 |
BA2 | 0.817 | 0.718*** | 9.824 | |
BA3 | 0.638 | 0.440*** | 6.720 | |
BA4 | 0.757 | 0.671*** | ||
主观规范 | SN1 | 0.802 | 0.657*** | |
SN2 | 0.828 | 0.756*** | 9.469 | |
SN3 | 0.684 | 0.504*** | 7.386 | |
知觉行为控制 | PBC1 | 0.872 | 0.846*** | 11.133 |
PBC2 | 0.862 | 0.814*** | 10.949 | |
PBC3 | 0.827 | 0.759*** | 10.519 | |
PBC4 | 0.724 | 0.604*** | ||
退出意愿 | W1 | 0.817 | 0.716*** | |
W2 | 0.788 | 0.704*** | 10.631 | |
W3 | 0.731 | 0.628*** | 9.708 | |
W4 | 0.729 | 0.607*** | 9.430 | |
退出行为 | BH1 | 0.834 | 0.725*** | |
BH2 | 0.759 | 0.623*** | 10.743 | |
BH3 | 0.883 | 0.889*** | 14.770 | |
BH4 | 0.851 | 0.827*** | 14.164 |
表8
多群组分析结果
路径 | 无抚养负担家庭(n=75) | 抚幼型家庭(n=113) | 养老型家庭(n=65) | 扶幼养老型家庭(n=80) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
路径系数 | C.R | 路径系数 | C.R | 路径系数 | C.R | 路径系数 | C.R | ||||
退出意愿←行为态度 | -0.963 | -1.699 | 0.217 | 1.061 | 0.717*** | 6.050 | 0.384* | 1.807 | |||
退出意愿←主观规范 | 1.416** | 2.207 | 0.494** | 2.328 | 0.282** | 2.273 | 0.333* | 1.714 | |||
退出意愿←知觉行为控制 | 0.199 | 1.158 | 0.082 | 0.603 | -0.052 | -0.577 | 0.109 | 0.958 | |||
退出行为←退出意愿 | 0.145 | 1.050 | 0.434*** | 3.401 | 0.714*** | 5.016 | 0.504*** | 3.630 |
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