居民视角下民族社区旅游化的空间演变过程及特征——以肇兴侗寨为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.05.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从空间角度揭示旅游化的演变过程和特征可为深刻理解社区现象或问题提供参考。本文选取肇兴侗寨为案例地,通过2013年、2018年2次实地调查,采用参与式制图和半结构访谈获取一手数据,运用景观价值理论和质性空间分析方法,通过居民视角的景观价值变化探索社区旅游化在空间上的演变过程与特征。研究发现：①肇兴侗寨社区旅游化的过程包括社区生活功能主导、社区生活功能与旅游功能趋衡两个阶段。旅游化使得社区空间的观赏性和商业性增强,对居民生活的服务性和社会支持功能有所减弱;②社区旅游化表现出非均衡性的空间特征,标志性景观的旅游化程度高,旅游发展重点区域从鼓楼转变为侗族大歌演艺中心;③居民视角的旅游化过程是一个社区生活不断为旅游发展让步,旅游功能空间演变为强势空间,而社区生活功能空间逐渐变为边缘空间甚至消失的过程。居民视角社区旅游化的空间演变研究为全面深入认识旅游化现象提供来自社区内部的观点,为社区变迁研究提供新的思路。

关键词: 社区旅游化, 空间演变过程, 居民, 景观价值理论, 质性空间分析法, 肇兴侗寨

Abstract:

Revealing the evolution process and characteristics of tourismization from the perspective of space can provide a reference for understanding community phenomena or problems. This study took the Zhaoxing Dong Village as a case, and using two field surveys in 2013 and 2018, participatory mapping and semistructured interviews, as well as landscape value theory and qualitative and spatial analysis methods to explore the spatial process and characteristics of tourismization in the community through the change of landscape value from the perspective of residents. The results show that: (1) The tourismization process of the Zhaoxing Dong village included two stages: the dominance of community life functions, and the balance of community life functions and tourism functions. Tourism rendered the community space more aesthetic and commercialized, and weakened the functions of service and social support for residents; (2) The community tourismization showed unbalanced spatial characteristics. The characteristic landscape has a high degree of tourismization. The key area of tourism development has changed from the Drum Tower to the Dong performing arts center. (3) The tourismization process from the perspective of residents is a process in which the community life constantly gives way to the development of tourism, the functional space of tourism evolves into a dominant space, and the life functional space gradually becomes a marginalized space or even disappearing. The study on the spatial evolution of community tourismization from the perspective of residents provides a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon of tourism development from within the community and provides new ideas for the study of community change.

Key words: community tourismization, spatial evolution process, residents, landscape value theory, qualitative and spatial analysis, Zhaoxing Dong Village

李小永, 赵振斌, 李佳乐, 张熠. 居民视角下民族社区旅游化的空间演变过程及特征——以肇兴侗寨为例[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(5): 1051-1064.

LI Xiaoyong, ZHAO Zhenbin, LI Jiale, ZHANG Yi. Spatial evolution and characteristics of tourismization in ethnic community from the perspective of residents:A case of the Zhaoxing Dong Village[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(5): 1051-1064.

图/表 8

图1

表1

表2

景观价值编码结果及释义表"

价值类型	价值内容	编码举例	地点描述
1.休闲娱乐价值	1.1休闲娱乐	乘凉、聊天、烤火、打牌下棋、跳广场舞、娱乐场所	使人放松身体、心情愉悦的地方
2.民族文化价值	2.1文化展演	展示侗族文化的场所、看表演、我们是搞表演的、唱侗族大歌	体现当地特色,展示民族传统文化的地方
	2.2民族象征	鼓楼是民族标志性建筑、风雨桥是特色、侗族必须有鼓楼
	2.3节庆活动	庆祝谷雨节、办芦笙节、过节都在这里
3.生活保障价值	3.1购物/用水	打水取水、买菜、洗衣服洗菜	能够满足日常需求,保证生活正常运转的地方
	3.2管理服务	办事都要去政府、提钱取钱的地方、去医院、办证件、靠政府啊
	3.3学校教育	孩子在那读书、学习的地方、接送孩子
	3.4交通服务	出行关键、修建停车场、以前是泥巴路现在是水泥路、方便老百姓停车
	3.5粮食保障	种地种菜、有田就有吃的、种田务农
4.社会交往价值	4.1集会议事	开会、议事、寨老通知事情、商量大事	与他人交际沟通,促进感情的地方
4.社会交往价值	4.2人际交往	红白喜事都在这办、吃饭聚餐、去鼓楼聚一聚	与他人交际沟通,促进感情的地方
5.地方认同价值	5.1归属感	我是礼团人、家就是温暖、属于信团	表达居民与社区的关联,可以满足精神和情感需求的地方
	5.2儿时记忆	小时候玩的地方、童年回忆的地方
	5.3精神信仰	风水好,能保佑平安、神圣的信仰、祭祀
6.旅游观赏价值	6.1风景优美	看肇兴全景夜景、人工湖环境很好,有空去看看、鼓楼是肇兴的主要观赏点	风景优美,可以提供审美享受的地方
6.旅游观赏价值	6.2吸引游客	能够吸引游客、来旅游的人就是来看这（风雨桥）的、老外经常在那看	风景优美,可以提供审美享受的地方
7.旅游经济价值	7.1做生意	开饭店、忙店里生意、自己开的店吗	能够提供收入或就业机会的地方
	7.2上班	在这里打工、在这里搞卫生、旅馆打工
	7.3出租房屋	出租可以赚好多钱、做门面房

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

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特征	分类	2013年		2018年
特征	分类	人数	百分比/%	人数	百分比/%
性别	男	65	34.2	145	48.5
性别	女	125	65.8	154	51.5
年龄/岁	18以下	15	7.9	7	2.3
	18~29	53	27.9	67	22.4
	30~44	73	38.4	123	41.1
	45~59	29	15.3	75	25.1
	60及以上	20	10.5	27	9.1
受教育程度	小学及以下	56	29.4	106	35.5
	初中	82	43.2	112	37.5
	高中	40	21.1	44	14.6
	大专及以上	12	6.3	37	12.4
家庭年收入 /万元	≤1	55	28.9	42	14.1
	1~3	84	44.2	96	32.1
	4~6	33	17.4	102	34.1
	≥7	18	9.5	59	19.7