海南对外贸易格局演化及其与国内省区市的经济关联

doi:10.18402/resci.2021.02.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自由经济区是世界各国促进就业、驱动制度创新、推动经济社会发展的重要平台。海南自由贸易港作为中国对外开放水平最高的自由经济区,对中国推进“一带一路”建设、形成国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局具有重要意义。本文从海南贸易联系出发,采用RCA指数、区域间投入产出模型等方法,对海南的对外贸易格局演化及其与国内各省区市的经济关联进行深入分析。研究显示：①2002年以来,海南对外贸易发展迅速,对外贸易伙伴中,东盟国家地位显著上升,产油国地位波动巨大。②海南的出口商品结构相对稳定,始终以矿产品为主导;进口商品结构波动巨大,目前以化工产品、矿产品和运输设备为主导。③广东、河南及华东大部分省份与海南经济联系相对较强,广东、安徽、山东及河南是海南主要的产品流向地,而江苏、广东、浙江、河南和安徽是主要的产品来源地。④工业、建筑业及农业是海南与各省区市之间产品流动的主要部门;农业、批发零售和住宿餐饮、交通仓储和邮政等部门在国内产品流动中具有较强竞争优势。⑤海南与各省区市的经济联系具有较强的单向联系特征,其经济发展对国内其他省份的依赖性较大。

关键词: 自由贸易港, 对外贸易, 经济关联, 区域间投入产出, 海南

Abstract:

Free economic zone is an important platform worldwide to boost employment, drive institutional innovation, and promote economic and social development. As a free economic zone with the highest level of opening up in China, Hainan Free Trade Port is of great significance for China to promote the Belt and Road initiative and form a new development pattern of mutual promotion between domestic and international circulations. Based on the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index and interregional input-output model, this study examined the change of Hainan’s trade pattern and the province’s economic connection with other provinces in China’s mainland. The results show that: (1) Since 2002, Hainan’s foreign trade has developed rapidly. The proportion of trade with ASEAN countries has increased significantly and these countries have become the major trading partners of Hainan Province, and the proportion of trade with oil-producing countries has fluctuated dramatically. (2) Hainan’s export commodity structure was relatively stable, dominated by mineral products; but the import commodity structure fluctuated greatly, currently dominated by chemical products, mineral products, and transportation equipment. (3) The economic relationship between Hainan and other provinces shows an obvious characteristic of unidirectional connection, with Hainan’s economy depending strongly on other provinces in China’s mainland. Guangdong, Henan, and most provinces in East China have relatively strong economic ties with Hainan. Guangdong, Anhui, Shandong, and Henan Provinces are the main destinations of Hainan’s products; and Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Henan, and Anhui are the main source provinces. (4) Industry, construction, and agriculture are the main sectors of product flow between Hainan and other provinces. However, agriculture, wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering, and transportation sectors in Hainan have competitive advantages in domestic product flow

Key words: free trade port, foreign trade, economic connection, interregional input-output, Hainan

宋周莺, 陶蕾, 刘卫东. 海南对外贸易格局演化及其与国内省区市的经济关联[J]. 资源科学, 2021, 43(2): 256-268.

SONG Zhouying, TAO Lei, LIU Weidong. Trade pattern change of Hainan Province and its economic connection with provinces in China’s mainland[J]. Resources Science, 2021, 43(2): 256-268.

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产业部门	产业影响力系数	产业感应度系数
农业	0.64	0.82
工业	1.27	1.41
建筑业	0.50	1.39
批发零售和住宿餐饮	0.80	0.95
交通仓储和邮政	0.76	1.35
信息软件和信息技术服务	0.60	1.07
金融业	1.07	1.04
房地产	0.62	0.65
租赁和商务服务	0.65	1.35
公共服务	0.61	0.98
合计	7.52	11.01

产业部门	投入额/亿元	比重/%	使用额/亿元	比重/%
农业	922.45	28.47	128.22	3.84
工业	624.10	19.26	1781.85	53.32
建筑业	427.49	13.20	646.18	19.34
批发零售和住宿餐饮	531.99	16.42	49.03	1.47
交通仓储和邮政	379.41	11.71	131.66	3.94
信息软件和信息技术服务	47.91	1.48	33.77	1.01
金融业	85.08	2.63	6.64	0.20
房地产	24.51	0.76	0.00	0.00
租赁和商务服务	3.28	0.10	288.35	8.63
公共服务	193.54	5.97	276.26	8.27
合计	3239.76	100.00	3341.96	100.00