资源科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 2451-2462.doi: 10.18402/resci.2020.12.15
杨丽雯1,2,3(), 王大勇4, 王勇智3, 梁泽2, 吴舒尧2, 李双成2(
)
收稿日期:
2020-04-25
修回日期:
2020-08-07
出版日期:
2020-12-25
发布日期:
2021-02-25
通讯作者:
李双成
作者简介:
杨丽雯,女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,副教授,主要研究方向为生态系统服务评估。E-mail:
YANG Liwen1,2,3(), WANG Dayong4, WANG Yongzhi3, LIANG Ze2, WU Shuyao2, LI Shuangcheng2(
)
Received:
2020-04-25
Revised:
2020-08-07
Online:
2020-12-25
Published:
2021-02-25
Contact:
LI Shuangcheng
摘要:
土壤保持服务是一种重要的生态系统调节服务,其供需关系量化评估对流域环境管理具有重要意义。本文基于修正通用水土流失方程(RUSLE)计算涑水河流域土壤保持服务供给量,使用土壤侵蚀导致的单位面积土壤营养元素损失和水库库容损失价值之和计算需求,分析供需平衡状况和影响因素,并使用土壤保持服务居民满意度调查数据检验供需平衡分析结果。结果显示:①2000年和2015年土壤保持服务供给区主要分布于河流上游的中条山山区,土地利用以林地和草地为主,需求区主要分布于河流中下游的冲积平原,土地利用以旱地为主。②2000年和2015年供需平衡区分别占流域总面积的34.80%和76.27%,供需关系的改善主要受需求显著降低的影响,而需求降低主要受降雨侵蚀力减少的影响。本文揭示了涑水河流域土壤保持服务供需数量关系的时空特征和影响因素,可为流域的土地利用规划和自然资源管理等提供理论支撑。
杨丽雯, 王大勇, 王勇智, 梁泽, 吴舒尧, 李双成. 涑水河流域土壤保持服务供需关系量化评估[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(12): 2451-2462.
YANG Liwen, WANG Dayong, WANG Yongzhi, LIANG Ze, WU Shuyao, LI Shuangcheng. Quantitative assessment of the supply-demand relationship of soil conservation service in the Sushui River Basin[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(12): 2451-2462.
表1
数据来源与计算方法"
数据名称 | 数据来源 | 计算方法 |
---|---|---|
逐月降雨量数据 | 山西省气象信息中心 | 依据Wischmeier等[ |
1:100万中国土壤类型图 | 寒区旱区科学数据中心(中国土壤特征数据集)[ | 采用诺谟图[ |
1 km DEM | 中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心[ | 坡长L因子采用Wischmeier等[ |
1 km植被覆盖图 | 寒区旱区科学数据中心(中国1:400万植被图数据集)[ | 依据蔡崇法等[ |
1 km土地利用类型图 | 中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心[ | 参照文献[ |
表2
2000年和2015年涑水河流域土壤保持服务供给区面积和供给量变化"
类型 | 2000年 | 2015年 | 2015年与2000年的差值 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
供给区面积/km2 | 单位面积供给量/ (t/(km2·a)) | 供给区面积/km2 | 单位面积供给量/(t/(km2·a)) | 供给区面积变化量/km2 | 供给区面积变化率/% | 单位面积供给量变化量/(t/(km2·a)) | 单位面积供给量变化率/% | |||
低供给区 | 338 | 46745.56 | 347 | 44668.59 | 9 | 2.66 | -2076.97 | -4.44 | ||
较低供给区 | 203 | 89162.56 | 283 | 73498.23 | 80 | 39.41 | -15664.33 | -17.57 | ||
中等供给区 | 147 | 89115.65 | 134 | 82089.55 | -13 | -0.09 | -7026.09 | -7.88 | ||
较高供给区 | 134 | 105223.88 | 131 | 96946.56 | -3 | -2.24 | -8277.32 | -7.87 | ||
高供给区 | 144 | 125694.44 | 78 | 121794.87 | -66 | -48.83 | -3899.57 | -3.10 | ||
合计 | 966 | 81987.58 | 973 | 71428.57 | 7 | 0.72 | -10559.01 | -12.88 |
表3
2000年和2015年涑水河流域土壤保持服务需求区面积和需求量变化"
分区 | 2000年 | 2015年 | 2015年与2000年的差值 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
需求区面积/km2 | 单位面积需求量 /(万元/km2) | 需求区面积/km2 | 单位面积需求量 /(万元/km2) | 需求区面积变化量/km2 | 需求区面积 变化率/% | 单位面积需求量变 化量/(万元/km2) | 单位面积需求量变化率/% | |
低需求区 | 3097 | 5.54 | 3895 | 2.60 | 798 | 25.77 | -2.94 | -53.02 |
较低需求区 | 1183 | 14.10 | 477 | 6.77 | -706 | -59.68 | -7.32 | -51.94 |
中等需求区 | 89 | 25.80 | 100 | 9.08 | 11 | 12.36 | -16.72 | -64.81 |
较高需求区 | 25 | 31.61 | 0 | — | -25 | -100.00 | -31.61 | — |
高需求区 | 75 | 47.49 | 0 | — | -75 | -100.00 | -47.49 | — |
总需求区 | 4469 | 9.02 | 4472 | 3.17 | 3 | 0.07 | -5.85 | -64.85 |
表4
2000年和2015年涑水河流域土壤侵蚀量、降雨侵蚀力和植被覆盖度变化"
县域名称 | 实际土壤侵蚀量/(t/(km2·a)) | 降雨侵蚀力/(MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a)) | 植被覆盖度/% | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000年 | 2015年 | 变化比例/% | 2000年 | 2015年 | 变化比例/% | 2000年 | 2015年 | 变化比例/% | |||
绛县 | 1402.98 | 341.62 | -75.65 | 83.11 | 65.53 | -21.15 | 40.56 | 40.80 | 0.59 | ||
闻喜县 | 1497.86 | 503.91 | -66.36 | 70.26 | 36.68 | -47.79 | 14.81 | 17.30 | 16.81 | ||
夏县 | 720.45 | 381.17 | -47.09 | 57.87 | 60.79 | 5.05 | 20.92 | 20.52 | -1.91 | ||
万荣县 | 579.79 | 128.15 | -77.90 | 172.65 | 42.52 | -75.37 | 8.14 | 8.14 | 0.00 | ||
临猗县 | 504.42 | 135.50 | -73.14 | 67.11 | 41.66 | -37.92 | 2.95 | 2.84 | -3.72 | ||
盐湖区 | 978.22 | 456.05 | -53.38 | 94.00 | 42.41 | -54.88 | 15.28 | 15.37 | 0.59 | ||
永济市 | 213.57 | 245.47 | 14.94 | 51.06 | 61.73 | 20.90 | 22.80 | 22.80 | 0.00 |
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