北京郊区参与型体育旅游资源时空演化特征及影响因素

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.11.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

体育旅游已成为中国当前体育产业转型升级和旅游消费的热点。为科学认识大都市周边体育旅游资源空间分布特征并优化资源开发布局,本文以北京郊区为案例地,在对参与型体育旅游资源（Participatory Sport Tourism Resources, PSTR）分类基础上,运用空间分析等方法,探讨了1998、2008和2018年参与型体育旅游资源的时空演化特征及影响因素。研究发现：①北京郊区参与型体育旅游资源分为休闲娱乐型、拓展运动型和刺激探险型3类;经统计,休闲娱乐型资源数量最多,刺激探险型资源数量最少但增速最快;就资源集聚度而言,刺激探险型>拓展运动型>休闲娱乐型。②北京郊区PSTR空间分布整体呈现“东南密、西北疏”的特征,且随距中心城区距离的增加,PSTR数量波状递减;1998、20008和2018年北京郊区PSTR分布由西北向东南演进,且趋向中心城区布局的特征越来越显著,PSTR集聚峰值区由距中心城区30~40 km逐步缩减至20~30 km;3类资源的时空演化格局存在显著差异。③北京郊区PSTR空间格局的形成受地形、水系、人口、交通、政策与规划等自然和人文因素的综合影响,在不同因素作用下3类资源呈现不同的空间分布规律。其中,交通是影响空间分布的基础性因素,政策与规划因素发挥着关键性引导作用,一定程度上塑造和强化了PSTR的空间格局。以上研究发现对进一步优化北京郊区体育旅游资源的开发和体育旅游产业的合理布局具有重要理论和实践意义。

关键词: 参与型体育旅游资源, ArcGIS, 空间分布特征, 时空演化, 影响因素, 北京郊区

Abstract:

Spot tourism has become a hotspot in the transformation and upgrading of China’s current sports industry and tourism consumption. To scientifically understand the spatial distribution characteristics of sport tourism resources around metropolises and optimize their development layout, by choosing Beijing suburbs as the study area, based on the classification of the participatory sports tourism resources (PSTR), using the spatial analysis method and other methods, this study examined the spatiotemporal change and influencing factors of sport tourism resources in 1998, 2008, and 2018. The study found that: (1) Participatory sport tourism resources are mainly divided into three types: leisure and entertainment sport tourism resources, outward-bound sport tourism resources, and exciting adventure sport tourism resources, among which the amount of leisure and entertainment sport tourism resources was the largest, while the amount of exciting adventure resources was the smallest according to statistics, but its growth rate was the highest; and in terms of concentration degree, from 1998 to 2018, concentration degree of the exciting adventure sport tourism resources>concentration degree of the outward-bound sport tourism resources>concentration degree of the leisure and entertainment sport tourism resources; (2) PSTR presents a distribution pattern of “dense in the southeast and sparse in the northwest”, and with the increase of distance from the central urban area, the number of PSTR in the suburbs of Beijing fluctuated and showed a general declining trend; from 1998 to 2018, PSTR development evolved from northwest to southeast, and the concentration towards the central urban area were apparent, the peak value moved from 30~40 km to 20~30 km; there were significant differences in the spatial and temporal pattern of change between the three types of resources; (3) The formation of the spatial pattern of PSTR in the suburbs of Beijing was jointly influenced by natural and human factors such as topography, water system, population, transportation, policy and planning, among others. The three types of resources showed different spatial distribution patterns under the influence of different factors. Transportation is a fundamental factor affecting the spatial distribution of PSTR, and policy and planning factors play a critical guiding role, shaping and strengthening the spatial pattern of PSTR in Beijing suburbs to a certain extent. The above findings have important theoretical and practical significance for further optimizing the development of sports tourism resources and the rational distribution of the sports tourism industry in Beijing suburbs.

Key words: participatory sport tourism resources, ArcGIS, spatial distribution characteristics, spatiotemporal change, influencing factors, Beijing suburbs

张新, 刘家明, 朱鹤, 李涛. 北京郊区参与型体育旅游资源时空演化特征及影响因素[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(11): 2196-2209.

ZHANG Xin, LIU Jiaming, ZHU He, LI Tao. Spatiotemporal change and influencing factors of participatory sport tourism resources in Beijing suburbs[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(11): 2196-2209.

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类型	休闲娱乐型	拓展运动型	刺激探险型
功能特征	具有休闲性、娱乐性和趣味性	具有康体性	具有刺激性、冒险性和挑战性
游客使用目的	休闲娱乐,放松身心	强身健体,陶冶情操	寻求刺激,挑战自我
体育技能要求	很少需要专业技能	较少需要专业技能	较多需要专业技能
运动强度	低	中	高
使用频率	高	中	低
市场特征	大众市场	大众市场或专项市场	专项市场
承载代表性运动	骑马、垂钓、高尔夫球	登山、徒步	射击、攀岩、滑雪
代表性示例	高尔夫球场、游憩公园	登山徒步地、体育场馆	射击场、攀岩地

类型	采样点	数量/个
类型	采样点	1998年	2008年	2018年
休闲娱乐型	度假地（配置体育设施）	32	106	118
	垂钓园	29	60	90
	高尔夫球场	12	58	71
	游憩公园	24	32	68
	骑马场	7	29	57
	水上乐园	12	22	25
	小计	116	307	429
拓展运动型	登山徒步地	93	113	120
	拓展训练基地	2	8	21
	体育场馆	4	6	10
	小计	99	127	151
刺激探险型	滑雪场	0	15	27
	漂流地	8	9	13
	赛车越野地	1	9	19
	狩猎射击地	8	7	12
	蹦极攀岩地	3	3	9
	低空飞行基地	0	4	8
	小计	20	47	88

	R值
	1998年	2008年	2018年
休闲娱乐型	0.5010	0.5544	0.5542
拓展运动型	0.7599	0.7340	0.7883
刺激探险型	0.8578	0.8242	0.6428
总体	0.5983	0.5750	0.5731

道路缓冲区类型	休闲娱乐型	拓展运动型	刺激探险型	总数/个	占比/%
道路缓冲区类型	数量/个	数量/个	数量/个	总数/个	占比/%
高速缓冲区	160	24	30	214	32.04
国道缓冲区	73	26	21	120	17.96
省道缓冲区	211	43	40	294	44.01
高速、国道和省道融合缓冲区	312	72	58	442	66.17