资源科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 2062-2074.doi: 10.18402/resci.2020.11.02
收稿日期:
2020-05-07
修回日期:
2020-09-03
出版日期:
2020-11-25
发布日期:
2021-01-25
作者简介:
陈奕彤,女,山东青岛人,法学博士,讲师,主要研究方向为国际法、海洋法、极地问题。E-mail: 基金资助:
Received:
2020-05-07
Revised:
2020-09-03
Online:
2020-11-25
Published:
2021-01-25
摘要:
气候变化使人类利用北极海洋资源成为可能,但少有研究涉及包括北极理事会在内的国际机制在北极海洋资源利用中的价值和作用方式,及其与环境保护之间互动机理的动态发展。对北极海洋资源利用的国际机制进行研究,有利于更好地利用北极海洋资源并为维护中国在北极的权益提供科学依据和参考意义。在气候变化的影响下,以往因海域结冰而无法利用的航运、油气、渔业等海洋资源被开发的机会和潜力显著增强,并吸引了各利益攸关方的浓厚兴趣。通过对北极海洋资源利用潜力和环境风险及相应的国际治理机制进行分析,发现:①具有分区主义特性的《联合国海洋法公约》和以议题为基础的一系列国际组织和国际法律文书共同构成了有关北极海洋资源利用的国际机制;②北极理事会在治理海洋资源利用的过程中,扮演了提供知识产品、协调北极国家一致意见、提升政治意愿、联络相关主管国际组织的角色,但其区域主义的治理路径缺乏对外部利益、人类共同利益以及海洋整体利益的考虑;③在跨领域的北极海洋资源利用问题上,现有的国际机制忽视了海洋的整体性,在解决资源利用与海洋生态环境保护之间的关系上力有不逮,既有的国际机制亟需能够容纳域外利益攸关者的国际合作。中国应在海洋命运共同体理念的指引下,继续拓宽在北极理事会内外参与北极治理的多维渠道,有技巧地维护中国在北极地区的国家利益。
陈奕彤, 高晓. 北极海洋资源利用的国际机制及中国应对[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(11): 2062-2074.
CHEN Yitong, GAO Xiao. International regime for the use of Arctic marine resources and China’s response[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(11): 2062-2074.
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