基于生态系统服务的生态福祉分类与时空格局——以中国地级及以上城市为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.06.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于生态系统服务价值理论,利用生态系统贡献率对生态福祉核算方法进行改进,在此基础上分析中国地级及以上城市人均生态福祉和生态—经济效率时空分异特征,同时提出基于相对公平与效率视角的生态福祉分类模型,通过相对福祉指数与相对效率指数将生态福祉进行分类,并分析2000—2015年中国337个地级及以上城市不同类型的生态福祉时空格局,研究结果可为促进中国生态文明建设提供部分参考。结果表明：①研究时段内中国337个地级及以上城市人均生态福祉与生态—经济效率在胡焕庸线两侧空间分布差异较大,其重心分别位于青海省的玉树藏族自治州和河南省的信阳市,并随时间分别向东北、西南方向移动。②通过双变量空间自相关方法分析得出生态—经济效率与人均生态福祉之间存在空间负相关关系,生态—经济效率与人均生态福祉的高—低聚集区主要分布在上海市以及河北、山东、江苏等省的沿海城市,以及安徽、河南2省的部分地级及以上城市;低—高聚集区主要分布在西部城市;低—低聚集区主要分布在中部地区的山西、河南、安徽3省的部分城市。③运用相对福祉指数与相对效率指数可将研究区划分为4类生态福祉区：高效—低福祉区所在城市主要以河北、山东、山西、河南、江苏5省为主;低效—高福祉区主要分布在西部城市、东北大部分城市与东南部分城市;低效—低福祉区城市主要分布在高效—低福祉区与低效—高福祉区交界处;高效—高福祉区零散分布。因此,全面实现中国各地区的生态文明建设,需要共同提高西部地区生态—经济效率与东部地区人均生态福祉。

关键词: 生态福祉, 生态—经济效率;, 胡焕庸线, 双变量空间自相关, 分类, 中国

Abstract:

In this study, based on ecosystem service theory, the contribution rate of ecosystems was introduced to improve the ecological well-being accounting method. On this basis, the spatial and temporal characteristics of per capita ecological well-being and ecological-economic efficiency were analyzed. In order to further clarify the policy implication of the evaluation results, a classification model of ecological well-being based on the perspective of relative equity and efficiency was proposed, ecological well-being was classified by relative well-being index and relative efficiency index, and the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of different types of ecological well-being was analyzed from 2000 to 2015 for 337 cities at prefecture-level and above in China. The research results can provide some references for promoting the construction of ecological civilization in China. The results indicate that during the study period the spatial distribution of per capita ecological well-being and ecological-economic efficiency of the 337 cities was very different in the two regions northwest and southeast of the “HU line,” their centers were located in Yushu Prefecture of Qinghai Province and Xinyang City of Henan Province, respectively, and moved to the northeast and southwest directions. A negative spatial correlation between ecological-economic efficiency and per capita ecological well-being was identified by the bivariate spatial autocorrelation method. The high-low clusters were mainly located in the eastern coastal cities of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and some cities of Anhui and Henan; the low-high groups were mainly gathered in the western cities; the low-low clusters were mainly located in Shanxi, Henan, and Anhui Provinces. The relative well-being and relative efficiency indices were used to classify the study area into four categories: the high efficiency-low well-being zone was mainly distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, and Jiangsu Provinces; the low efficiency-high well-being zone was mainly distributed in western cities, most cities in the northeast, and cities in the southeast; the low efficiency-low well-being zone was mainly located at the junction of high efficiency-low well-being zone and low efficiency-high well-being zone; the high efficiency-high well-being zone was scattered. To realize the construction of ecological civilization in all regions of China, it is necessary to enhance the ecological-economic efficiency in the western region and the per capita ecological well-being in the eastern region.

Key words: ecological well-being, ecological-economic efficiency, HU line, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, classification, China

郑德凤, 王燕燕, 曹永强, 王燕慧, 郝帅, 吕乐婷. 基于生态系统服务的生态福祉分类与时空格局——以中国地级及以上城市为例[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(6): 1110-1122.

ZHENG Defeng, WANG Yanyan, CAO Yongqiang, WANG Yanhui, HAO Shuai, LV Leting. Classification and spatiotemporal patterns of ecological well-being based on ecosystem services: Taking China’s prefecture-level and above cities for example[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(6): 1110-1122.

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年份	2000	2005	2010	2015
Moran’s I	-0.1002*	-0.0797	-0.0693	-0.0787
P-value	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.001