扶贫资源输入对贫困地区分配公平的影响

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.04.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

扶贫资源作为惠及部分贫困人口的特殊公共资源,其本质上带有公平属性。而在收入差距逐步扩大的现实背景下,扶贫资源分配对收入分配公平的积极作用亟待检验。基于此,本文利用2017年集中连片贫困地区909户农户样本数据,通过PSM模型与带有交互项的OLS模型考察了扶贫资源输入对收入分配公平的影响及其机制。结果表明：精准扶贫政策以转移支付及机会供给这两种方式向乡村社会输入了大量扶贫资源 ,有效改善了贫困地区的分配公平,具体表现在贫困人口年均收入增速高出非贫困人口4.2%,且其分配公平感也高出非贫困人口0.470。但贫困人口对转移支付的非理性偏好问题也随之产生,因此一方面要发挥乡村熟人社会的治理功能,充分调动贫困人口的脱贫主体性,改善其对转移支付的非理性偏好;另一方面也要优化扶贫资源分配结构,对不同类型贫困家庭实行差异化的扶贫政策,以此保障精准扶贫政策在促进分配公平的同时,提高扶贫资源利用效率。

关键词: 扶贫资源, 收入不平等, 分配公平感, PSM模型, OLS模型, 集中连片贫困地区

Abstract:

Precision poverty alleviation policy, as a special public policy benefiting some poor people, is essentially fair. Under the background of the widening income gaps in rural areas, the positive role of precise poverty alleviation policy in promoting distribution equity urgently needs to be tested. Using the sample data of 909 rural households in poverty-stricken areas in 2017, this study investigated the impact of precise poverty alleviation policies on distribution equity and its impact mechanism through propensity score matching (PSM) model and ordinary least squares (OLS) model with interactive items. The results show that the precise poverty alleviation policy can effectively improve the disadvantageous position of the poor in income distribution by means of transfer payment and opportunity supply, and greatly improve the sense of fairness in the distribution of the poor. The treatment effects are 4.2% and 0.470, respectively. However, the irrational preference of the poor farmers for transfer payment also arises. Therefore, on the one hand, we should give full play to the governance function of the rural acquaintance society, fully mobilize the poverty-stricken people’s poverty alleviation subjectivity, and improve their irrational preference for transfer payment. On the other hand, we should optimize the distribution structure of poverty alleviation resources and implement differentiated poverty alleviation policies for different types of poverty-stricken families, so as to ensure that precise poverty alleviation policies promote fair distribution and improve the utilization efficiency of poverty alleviation resources.

Key words: poverty alleviation resources, income inequality, sense of fairness in distribution, PSM model, OLS model, poverty-stricken areas

管睿, 王倩, 余劲. 扶贫资源输入对贫困地区分配公平的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(4): 735-748.

GUAN Rui, WANG Qian, YU Jin. Research on the promotion of poverty alleviation resources input to the distribution justice of poverty-stricken areas[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(4): 735-748.

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区域名称	县	村庄数量	县域份数	样本比例/%
六盘山区	景泰	3	88	9.68
六盘山区	通渭	3	84	9.24
乌蒙山区	富源	3	62	6.82
	赫章	3	66	7.26
	宣威	3	63	6.93
燕山—太行山区	天镇	3	74	8.14
燕山—太行山区	张北	3	78	8.58
滇桂黔石漠化区	师宗	3	81	8.91
滇桂黔石漠化区	镇宁	4	109	11.99
吕梁山区	吉县	4	101	11.11
武陵山区	印江	4	103	11.33

	建档立卡农户		非建档立卡农户		全样本
	均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
被解释变量
分配公平感	3.381	1.129	3.389	1.207	3.387	1.186
年均收入增速	0.123	0.168	0.132	0.159	0.129	0.161
核心解释变量
补贴收入占比	0.230	0.302	0.073	0.178	0.115	0.229
外部机会获得	2.918	0.999	3.208	1.072	3.130	1.060
户主特征
户主年龄	3.721	1.091	3.586	1.094	3.623	1.094
户主性别	0.967	0.178	0.940	0.238	0.947	0.224
自评健康	3.258	1.098	3.623	1.062	3.525	1.083
受教育程度	2.164	0.892	2.355	0.900	2.304	0.902
生活水平
平地经营面积	1.930	1.267	1.826	1.135	1.854	1.172
坡地经营面积	1.684	1.101	1.680	1.068	1.681	1.076
家庭负担数量	2.246	1.072	1.783	1.198	1.908	1.183
房屋材质	1.475	1.284	1.889	1.328	1.778	1.329
外部冲击	0.643	0.609	0.552	0.624	0.576	0.621
家庭可支配收入	8.309	1.021	9.282	0.819	9.021	0.977
社会网络
社会地位	2.947	0.842	3.278	0.860	3.189	0.868
亲友规模	2.184	1.059	2.487	1.060	2.406	1.068
高质量关系	1.984	0.666	2.308	0.803	2.221	0.782
样本量	244		665		909

	系数	标准误	Z值	置信区间
户主特征
户主年龄	-0.023	0.052	-0.444	-0.126,0.079
户主性别	0.320	0.252	1.271	-0.173,0.813
自评健康	-0.127	0.051	-2.479**	-0.227,-0.027
受教育程度	-0.158	0.061	-2.595***	-0.277,-0.039
生活水平
平地经营面积	0.032	0.048	0.671	-0.062,0.127
坡地经营面积	0.055	0.052	1.060	-0.046,0.156
家庭负担人数	0.120	0.045	2.659***	0.031,0.208
房屋材质	-0.144	0.042	-3.455***	-0.226,-0.062
外部冲击次数	0.191	0.089	2.148**	0.017,0.365
家庭可支配收入	-0.587	0.071	-8.254***	-0.726,-0.448
社会网络
社会地位	-0.221	0.070	-3.170***	-0.357,-0.084
亲友规模	-0.030	0.052	-0.584	-0.133,0.072
高质量关系	-0.158	0.080	-1.984**	-0.314,-0.002
常数项	5.994	0.782	7.670***	4.462,7.526

	收入不平等			分配公平感
	处理效应	标准误	T值	处理效应	标准误	T值
基准回归	0.053	0.014	3.891***	0.329	0.084	3.917***
匹配前	-0.033	0.048	-0.688	-0.008	0.089	0.090
K近邻匹配	0.042	0.015	2.859***	0.470	0.116	4.063***
卡尺匹配	0.043	0.015	2.869***	0.477	0.117	4.067***
核匹配	0.043	0.015	2.915***	0.407	0.110	3.687***
局部线性回归匹配	0.044	0.019	2.466**	0.403	0.148	2.725***

	伪R²	卡方	偏差均值	B值(%)	R值
匹配前	0.227	240.27	30.3	120.6*	1.24
K近邻匹配	0.003	1.89	2.4	12.9	1.00
卡尺匹配	0.003	1.96	2.3	13.1	0.95
核匹配	0.003	2.18	3.0	13.8	0.88
局部线性回归匹配	0.008	5.08	5.0	21.2	1.05