资源科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 735-748.doi: 10.18402/resci.2020.04.12
收稿日期:
2019-07-03
修回日期:
2020-03-08
出版日期:
2020-04-25
发布日期:
2020-06-25
通讯作者:
余劲
作者简介:
管睿,男,安徽合肥人,博士研究生,研究方向为贫困治理。E-mail: guanrui@nwsuaf.edu.cn
基金资助:
Received:
2019-07-03
Revised:
2020-03-08
Online:
2020-04-25
Published:
2020-06-25
Contact:
YU Jin
摘要:
扶贫资源作为惠及部分贫困人口的特殊公共资源,其本质上带有公平属性。而在收入差距逐步扩大的现实背景下,扶贫资源分配对收入分配公平的积极作用亟待检验。基于此,本文利用2017年集中连片贫困地区909户农户样本数据,通过PSM模型与带有交互项的OLS模型考察了扶贫资源输入对收入分配公平的影响及其机制。结果表明:精准扶贫政策以转移支付及机会供给这两种方式向乡村社会输入了大量扶贫资源 ,有效改善了贫困地区的分配公平,具体表现在贫困人口年均收入增速高出非贫困人口4.2%,且其分配公平感也高出非贫困人口0.470。但贫困人口对转移支付的非理性偏好问题也随之产生,因此一方面要发挥乡村熟人社会的治理功能,充分调动贫困人口的脱贫主体性,改善其对转移支付的非理性偏好;另一方面也要优化扶贫资源分配结构,对不同类型贫困家庭实行差异化的扶贫政策,以此保障精准扶贫政策在促进分配公平的同时,提高扶贫资源利用效率。
管睿, 王倩, 余劲. 扶贫资源输入对贫困地区分配公平的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(4): 735-748.
GUAN Rui, WANG Qian, YU Jin. Research on the promotion of poverty alleviation resources input to the distribution justice of poverty-stricken areas[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(4): 735-748.
表2
建档立卡农户与非建档立卡农户各指标描述性统计"
建档立卡农户 | 非建档立卡农户 | 全样本 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值 | 标准差 | 均值 | 标准差 | 均值 | 标准差 | |||
被解释变量 | ||||||||
分配公平感 | 3.381 | 1.129 | 3.389 | 1.207 | 3.387 | 1.186 | ||
年均收入增速 | 0.123 | 0.168 | 0.132 | 0.159 | 0.129 | 0.161 | ||
核心解释变量 | ||||||||
补贴收入占比 | 0.230 | 0.302 | 0.073 | 0.178 | 0.115 | 0.229 | ||
外部机会获得 | 2.918 | 0.999 | 3.208 | 1.072 | 3.130 | 1.060 | ||
户主特征 | ||||||||
户主年龄 | 3.721 | 1.091 | 3.586 | 1.094 | 3.623 | 1.094 | ||
户主性别 | 0.967 | 0.178 | 0.940 | 0.238 | 0.947 | 0.224 | ||
自评健康 | 3.258 | 1.098 | 3.623 | 1.062 | 3.525 | 1.083 | ||
受教育程度 | 2.164 | 0.892 | 2.355 | 0.900 | 2.304 | 0.902 | ||
生活水平 | ||||||||
平地经营面积 | 1.930 | 1.267 | 1.826 | 1.135 | 1.854 | 1.172 | ||
坡地经营面积 | 1.684 | 1.101 | 1.680 | 1.068 | 1.681 | 1.076 | ||
家庭负担数量 | 2.246 | 1.072 | 1.783 | 1.198 | 1.908 | 1.183 | ||
房屋材质 | 1.475 | 1.284 | 1.889 | 1.328 | 1.778 | 1.329 | ||
外部冲击 | 0.643 | 0.609 | 0.552 | 0.624 | 0.576 | 0.621 | ||
家庭可支配收入 | 8.309 | 1.021 | 9.282 | 0.819 | 9.021 | 0.977 | ||
社会网络 | ||||||||
社会地位 | 2.947 | 0.842 | 3.278 | 0.860 | 3.189 | 0.868 | ||
亲友规模 | 2.184 | 1.059 | 2.487 | 1.060 | 2.406 | 1.068 | ||
高质量关系 | 1.984 | 0.666 | 2.308 | 0.803 | 2.221 | 0.782 | ||
样本量 | 244 | 665 | 909 |
表3
基于logit模型的农户建档立卡概率估计结果"
系数 | 标准误 | Z值 | 置信区间 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
户主特征 | ||||
户主年龄 | -0.023 | 0.052 | -0.444 | -0.126,0.079 |
户主性别 | 0.320 | 0.252 | 1.271 | -0.173,0.813 |
自评健康 | -0.127 | 0.051 | -2.479** | -0.227,-0.027 |
受教育程度 | -0.158 | 0.061 | -2.595*** | -0.277,-0.039 |
生活水平 | ||||
平地经营面积 | 0.032 | 0.048 | 0.671 | -0.062,0.127 |
坡地经营面积 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 1.060 | -0.046,0.156 |
家庭负担人数 | 0.120 | 0.045 | 2.659*** | 0.031,0.208 |
房屋材质 | -0.144 | 0.042 | -3.455*** | -0.226,-0.062 |
外部冲击次数 | 0.191 | 0.089 | 2.148** | 0.017,0.365 |
家庭可支配收入 | -0.587 | 0.071 | -8.254*** | -0.726,-0.448 |
社会网络 | ||||
社会地位 | -0.221 | 0.070 | -3.170*** | -0.357,-0.084 |
亲友规模 | -0.030 | 0.052 | -0.584 | -0.133,0.072 |
高质量关系 | -0.158 | 0.080 | -1.984** | -0.314,-0.002 |
常数项 | 5.994 | 0.782 | 7.670*** | 4.462,7.526 |
表4
处理效应估计结果"
收入不平等 | 分配公平感 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
处理效应 | 标准误 | T值 | 处理效应 | 标准误 | T值 | ||
基准回归 | 0.053 | 0.014 | 3.891*** | 0.329 | 0.084 | 3.917*** | |
匹配前 | -0.033 | 0.048 | -0.688 | -0.008 | 0.089 | 0.090 | |
K近邻匹配 | 0.042 | 0.015 | 2.859*** | 0.470 | 0.116 | 4.063*** | |
卡尺匹配 | 0.043 | 0.015 | 2.869*** | 0.477 | 0.117 | 4.067*** | |
核匹配 | 0.043 | 0.015 | 2.915*** | 0.407 | 0.110 | 3.687*** | |
局部线性回归匹配 | 0.044 | 0.019 | 2.466** | 0.403 | 0.148 | 2.725*** |
表6
扶贫资源输入对农户收入不平等的影响机理"
模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
是否建档立卡 | 0.052*** (0.014) | 0.055*** (0.014) | 0.051*** (0.013) | 0.057*** (0.013) |
补贴收入占比 | 0.053** (0.024) | 0.076*** (0.026) | ||
外部机会获得 | 0.027*** (0.005) | 0.028** (0.006) | ||
补贴收入占比×是否建档立卡 | -0.083** (0.042) | |||
外部机会获得×是否建档立卡 | 0.056*** (0.011) | |||
户主特征 | ||||
户主年龄 | -0.011** (0.005) | -0.012** (0.005) | -0.008 (0.005) | -0.008 (0.005) |
户主性别 | -0.004 (0.023) | 0.001 (0.023) | -0.014 (0.024) | -0.010 (0.024) |
自评健康 | -0.006 (0.005) | -0.006 (0.005) | -0.007 (0.005) | -0.007 (0.005) |
受教育程度 | 0.010* (0.006) | 0.010* (0.006) | 0.011* (0.006) | 0.010* (0.006) |
生活水平 | ||||
平地经营面积 | -0.010** (0.005) | -0.009* (0.005) | -0.010** (0.005) | -0.010** (0.005) |
坡地经营面积 | -0.001 (0.005) | -0.001 (0.005) | -0.003 (0.005) | -0.001 (0.005) |
家庭负担人数 | -0.007 (0.004) | -0.007 (0.004) | -0.007* (0.004) | -0.007 (0.004) |
房屋材质 | -0.001 (0.004) | -0.001 (0.004) | -0.002 (0.004) | -0.000 (0.004) |
外部冲击次数 | 0.011 (0.008) | 0.012 (0.008) | 0.006 (0.008) | 0.006 (0.008) |
家庭可支配收入 | 0.059*** (0.007) | 0.059*** (0.007) | 0.046*** (0.007) | 0.046*** (0.008) |
社会网络 | ||||
社会地位 | 0.002 (0.006) | 0.001 (0.006) | -0.001 (0.006) | -0.002 (0.006) |
亲友规模 | 0.008 (0.005) | 0.009* (0.005) | 0.004 (0.005) | 0.005 (0.005) |
高质量关系 | 0.014* (0.008) | 0.014* (0.008) | 0.011 (0.008) | 0.010 (0.008) |
常数项 | -0.342*** (0.082) | -0.354*** (0.083) | -0.271*** (0.077) | -0.277*** (0.077) |
区域变量 | YES | YES | YES | YES |
R2 | 0.163 | 0.168 | 0.185 | 0.210 |
表7
扶贫资源输入对农户分配公平感的影响机理"
模型(5) | 模型(6) | 模型(7) | 模型(8) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
是否建档立卡 | 0.224** (0.094) | 0.163* (0.092) | 0.240** (0.094) | 0.224** (0.094) |
补贴收入占比 | 1.137*** (0.198) | 0.736*** (0.231) | ||
外部机会获得 | 0.270*** (0.035) | 0.266*** (0.035) | ||
补贴收入占比×是否建档立卡 | 1.388*** (0.348) | |||
外部机会获得×是否建档立卡 | -0.137* (0.076) | |||
户主特征 | ||||
户主年龄 | -0.046 (0.037) | -0.034 (0.037) | 0.013 (0.038) | 0.012 (0.038) |
户主性别 | 0.227 (0.188) | 0.155 (0.184) | 0.099 (0.173) | 0.090 (0.173) |
自评健康 | 0.012 (0.039) | 0.007 (0.038) | 0.011 (0.039) | 0.011 (0.039) |
受教育程度 | 0.011 (0.044) | 0.008 (0.043) | 0.005 (0.043) | 0.007 (0.043) |
生活水平 | ||||
平地经营面积 | 0.131*** (0.035) | 0.123*** (0.035) | 0.099*** (0.035) | 0.098*** (0.035) |
坡地经营面积 | 0.015 (0.035) | 0.014 (0.034) | -0.016 (0.034) | -0.019 (0.034) |
家庭负担人数 | -0.002 (0.035) | -0.002 (0.034) | -0.004 (0.034) | -0.006 (0.034) |
房屋材质 | 0.080** (0.031) | 0.079*** (0.030) | 0.069** (0.030) | 0.066** (0.030) |
外部冲击次数 | 0.033 (0.059) | 0.015 (0.058) | -0.017 (0.058) | -0.015 (0.058) |
家庭可支配收入 | 0.266*** (0.050) | 0.251*** (0.049) | 0.081* (0.048) | 0.083* (0.049) |
社会网络 | ||||
社会地位 | 0.283*** (0.045) | 0.296*** (0.045) | 0.248*** (0.045) | 0.250*** (0.045) |
亲友规模 | 0.098** (0.041) | 0.082** (0.040) | 0.061 (0.045) | 0.059 (0.041) |
高质量关系 | 0.085* (0.048) | 0.082* (0.048) | 0.047 (0.048) | 0.049 (0.048) |
常数项 | -1.036* (0.591) | -0.808 (0.586) | 0.340 (0.567) | 0.356 (0.566) |
区域变量 | YES | YES | YES | YES |
R2 | 0.181 | 0.196 | 0.194 | 0.197 |
表8
扶贫资源输入对收入分配公平影响的区域效应估计结果"
收入不平等 | 分配公平感 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
模型(9) | 模型(10) | 模型(11) | 模型(12) | ||
是否建档立卡 | 0.048*** (0.013) | 0.051*** (0.013) | 0.257*** (0.093) | 0.255*** (0.094) | |
补贴收入占比的区域效应 | |||||
滇桂黔石漠化区 | 0.205** (0.079) | 1.410*** (0.451) | |||
六盘山区 | 0.010 (0.034) | 0.978** (0.460) | |||
吕梁山区 | 0.066** (0.031) | 0.858** (0.288) | |||
乌蒙山区 | 0.072 (0.082) | 1.733*** (0.432) | |||
武陵山区 | 0.002 (0.041) | 1.114*** (0.568) | |||
燕山—太行山区 | 0.027 (0.032) | 1.366*** (0.290) | |||
外部机会获得的区域效应 | |||||
滇桂黔石漠化区 | 0.030*** (0.005) | 0.269*** (0.038) | |||
六盘山区 | 0.020*** (0.006) | 0.268*** (0.045) | |||
吕梁山区 | 0.029*** (0.006) | 0.199*** (0.042) | |||
乌蒙山区 | 0.023*** (0.008) | 0.367*** (0.049) | |||
武陵山区 | 0.018** (0.007) | 0.290*** (0.050) | |||
燕山—太行山区 | 0.030*** (0.007) | 0.362*** (0.044) | |||
控制变量 | YES | YES | YES | YES | |
常数项 | -0.400*** (0.079) | -0.293*** (0.073) | -1.311** (0.587) | 0.362 (0.558) | |
R2 | 0.163 | 0.181 | 0.165 | 0.192 |
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