基于大数据的山地城市活力评——以重庆主城区为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.04.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在中国快速城市化进程中出现了大量的城市病,导致城市品质下降和区域发展失衡。城市活力为研究城市问题提供了一个新的视角,而大数据的蓬勃发展为城市活力研究提供了准确高效的新手段。本文采用人口热力、兴趣点（POI）和街景活力感知3个指标构建评价体系,对重庆主城的城市活力进行定量评价。结果发现：重庆主城区的城市活力分布呈现多中心的分布特征,与其“多中心、组团式”的城市结构相契合。3个指标评价出的城市活力在空间格局上具有相似性,城市活力高的区域主要分布在重庆内环内侧,尤其是解放碑主中心及活力相对较高的沙坪坝、杨家坪、观音桥、南坪副中心,而外围活力高的区域对应茶园、西永等内环以外的副中心和城市组团,这一结果与街景活力感知得分较为符合。研究认为,基于大数据对重庆城市活力进行客观识别和评价,为城市活力定量研究提供了一种新的思路和视角,弥补了传统定性分析方法的不足。针对山地城市的研究,同时弥补了已有文献在山地城市活力研究方面的不足,对空间规划有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 城市活力, 热力图, POI, 街景活力感知, 重庆市

Abstract:

With the rapid urbanization in China, the emergence of urban diseases has led to the decline of urban quality and urban vitality. Urban vitality provides a new perspective for the study of urban issues. The use of big data provides an accurate and efficient means for the study of urban vitality. Based on the dimensions of population heat map and point of interest (POI) distribution, this study quantitatively evaluated the urban vitality in the central city of Chongqing, and validated the derived vitality values based on the score of street view perception. The results show that the spatial distribution of urban vitality in Chongqing is characterized by multi-center distribution, which is consistent with its multi-center and clustered urban structure. The urban vitality evaluated by three indicators is similar in spatial pattern. It shows that the areas with high urban vitality are mainly located in the inner ring of Chongqing, especially in the main center of Jiefangbei and sub-centers, such as Shapingba, Yangjiaping, Guanyinqiao, and Nanping. The areas with high urban vitality correspond to the sub-centers of Chayuan and Xiyong outside the inner ring. This result is also consistent with the score of street view perception. The study confirms that the evaluation of urban vitality based on big data can compensate for the deficiency of traditional qualitative analysis methods and provide a new way of thinking and perspective for the quantitative study of urban vitality. The study of a mountainous city also addresses the deficiency of the existing studies on mountain city vitality and can help policy making in spatial planning.

Key words: urban vitality, heat map, point of interest (POI), perception of urban environment, Chongqing Municipality

明雨佳, 刘勇, 周佳松. 基于大数据的山地城市活力评——以重庆主城区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(4): 710-722.

MING Yujia, LIU Yong, ZHOU Jiasong. Vitality assessment of mountainous cities based on multi-source data: A case of Chongqing Municipality, China[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(4): 710-722.

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大类	小类	数量/个	比例/%
生活服务类	餐饮服务、购物服务、生活类设施点	270170	66.09
公共服务类	医疗保健服务、政府机构及社会团体、科教文化服务、交通设施服务	62339	15.25
商务类	公司、企业	47105	11.52
休闲娱乐类	运动场馆、高尔夫场馆及其附属设施、娱乐场所、度假疗养场所、休闲场所、影剧院、公园广场、风景名胜	11721	2.87
居住类	住宅小区、别墅、宿舍、其他居住相关楼宇	10121	2.48
金融保险类	银行、自动提款机、保险公司、证券公司、财务公司	7312	1.79
总数		408768	100.00

案例	人口热力	POI混合度	街景活力感知得分
1.解放碑	4572.12	0.60	0.92
2.石桥铺	3532.50	0.49	0.74
3.大剧院	287.61	0.02	0.36
4.回兴	2248.31	0.22	0.58