中国精准扶贫的区域治理思想解析

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.04.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国精准扶贫精准脱贫方略的伟大实践促进了区域贫困治理思想的不断完善。本文在总结个体扶贫与区域扶贫的辩证关系、贫困区域与区域贫困治理需求的基础上,基于中国精准扶贫实践中的具体做法,系统梳理了贫困区域治理思想,旨在丰富精准扶贫理论体系,为中国的乡村振兴战略实施及全球2030年减贫目标的国际行动提供参考。主要结论为：区域贫困治理思想包括贫困空间分异、贫困区域开发策略和贫困区域管理3个方面,与精准扶贫方略服务于精准扶贫的“精准识别、精准帮扶、精准管理”,为精准扶贫提供了理论基础与实践工具;依据贫困区域在空间上呈现显著差异和空间分异特征,以此划分出贫困县域类别、村域类别,并把脱贫难度大、贫困县集中的地区划为集中连片特困地区;基于资源学、地理学等学科的区域开发与发展理论,形成了以东西协作对口支援、农业农村优先发展以及因地制宜分类施策组成的区域贫困开发策略;依据贫困区域的鲜明层级体系,构建了“贫困县—贫困村—贫困户”扶贫对象体系和退出考核评估机制,以及“中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实”的工作机制组成的贫困区域管理手段。

关键词: 精准扶贫, 区域贫困, 资源科学, 理论框架, 区域治理

Abstract:

The great practice of China’s targeted poverty alleviation and reduction strategy has promoted the continuous improvement of regional poverty governance ideas. On the basis of summarizing the dialectical relationship between individual poverty alleviation and regional poverty alleviation, poverty-stricken areas and regional poverty governance needs, and based on the specific Chinese practice of targeted poverty alleviation, this article systematically reviewed the ideas of regional governance of poverty-stricken areas, aiming to enrich the theoretical system of targeted poverty alleviation, and provide a reference for the implementation of China’s rural revitalization strategy and the international action of the global poverty reduction by in 2030. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The idea of regional poverty governance includes three aspects: poverty spatial differentiation, poverty region development strategy, and poverty region management, corresponding to the precision identification, precision assistance, and precision management of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy, which provides the theoretical basis and practical tools for targeted poverty alleviation; (2) The poverty-stricken areas show significant spatial differences and spatial differentiation characteristics. They are divided into poverty-stricken county and village categories, and the areas that are difficult to get rid of poverty and where poor counties are concentrated are divided into concentrated and contiguous special poverty areas; (3) Based on the regional development theories of resources science, geography, and other disciplines, a poverty region development strategy is formed, which is composed of eastern-western region cooperation and counterpart support, priority development of agriculture and rural areas, and differentiated measures according to local conditions; (4) Based on the distinct hierarchical system of poverty-stricken areas, a poverty alleviation object system of “poverty county, poverty village, poverty household” is formed and the exit assessment mechanism is proposed, and the poverty region management means composed of the working mechanism of “central government responsible for overall planning, provincial government taking overall responsibility, city and county governments responsible for implementation” are suggested.

Key words: targeted poverty alleviation, regional poverty, resources science, theoretical framework, regional governance

杜国明, 黎春, 何仁伟. 中国精准扶贫的区域治理思想解析[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(4): 649-660.

DU Guoming, LI Chun, HE Renwei. Regional governance of targeted poverty alleviation in China[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(4): 649-660.

图/表 1

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