黄河流域土地利用时空格局演变及驱动力

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.03.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地利用时空格局是人类与自然相互作用状况的重要表征。研究黄河流域土地利用时空格局及其驱动因素,厘清土地利用类型转换及粮食保障用地、生态保育用地、城乡建设用地的时空变化特征,可为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展国家重大战略的规划制定与实施提供参考。本文基于土地利用类型转移矩阵和空间自相关,从城市群、省、市、县多尺度入手,利用7期土地利用数据对黄河流域1970—2015年土地利用状况及变化进行探究。结果表明：①黄河流域生态保育用地和耕地占比多年平均值分别为79.04%和18.64%,表明生态保护和粮食生产是其两大主体功能;②城乡建设用地占比逐年提高,城市群地区是建设用地扩张的主体空间;③黄河流域耕地、生态保育用地和城乡建设用地各节点年份Moran’s I均大于0.75,表明3种功能类型用地具有强空间正向集聚效应,呈现出“凹”字型分布格局;④城乡建设用地扩张以牺牲耕地为代价,同时部分农村居民点用地逐渐转化为城镇用地;⑤人口规模和经济发展是促进土地利用变化的核心因素,驱动力因素存在区域差异,在黄河下游的山东、河南,经济水平达到一定规模后,伴随经济再发展不会出现大规模城乡建设用地扩张。

关键词: 耕地, 生态保护, 粮食生产, 城市群, 空间自相关, 驱动力, 黄河流域

Abstract:

The spatiotemporal pattern of land use is an important representation of the interaction between human and nature. Study on the spatial-temporal pattern of land use and its driving factors in the Yellow River Basin and to clarify land-use conversion as well as the spatial-temporal variation of cultivated land, ecological land and urban-rural construction land, which can provide some reference for the planning and implementation of the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the transfer matrix of land use types and spatial autocorrelation, the study explored the land use in the Yellow River Basin provinces from 1970 to 2015 by using land use data of seven periods from multiple scales of city cluster, province, city, and county. The results show that: (1) The proportion of ecological land and arable land in the Yellow River Basin is 79.04% and 18.64% respectively on average, indicating that ecological protection and food production are two main functions there; (2) The urban-rural construction land proportion increases year by year, and urban agglomeration region is the main space of construction land expansion; (3) Moran’s I of arable, ecological, urban-rural construction land of the Yellow River Basin provinces was more than 0.75 in different years and showed a strong positive spatial agglomeration effect and a pattern of concave type distribution ; (4) The expansion of urban-rural construction land is at the expense of arable land, and at the same time, part of rural land is gradually transformed into urban land, and the imbalance between human and land is increasingly prominent. (5) Population size and economic development are the core factors to promote land use change, and the performance of different spatial driving factors is inconsistent. There will not appear large-scale expansion of urban and rural construction land with the economic development in Shandong and Henan provinces located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Key words: arable land, ecological protection, food production, city cluster, spatial autocorrelation, driving force, Yellow River Basin

张佰发, 苗长虹. 黄河流域土地利用时空格局演变及驱动力[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(3): 460-473.

ZHANG Baifa, MIAO Changhong. Spatiotemporal changes and driving forces of land use in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(3): 460-473.

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功能类型	一级地类	二级地类
粮食保障用地	耕地	水田、旱地
生态保育用地	林地	有林地、灌木林地、疏林地、其他林地
	草地	高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地、低覆盖度草地
	水域	河渠、湖泊、水库坑塘、永久性冰川雪地、滩涂、滩地
	未利用土地	沙地、戈壁、盐碱地、沼泽地、裸土地、裸岩石质地、其他
城乡建设用地	城乡、工矿、居民用地	城镇用地
		农村居民点用地
		其他建设用地（工矿、交通、特殊用地等）

年份	林地	草地	水域	未利用土地	耕地	城镇用地	农村居民点用地	工矿及交通用地
1970	20.88	103.22	5.77	72.38	47.73	0.51	4.29	0.22
1980	20.89	102.98	5.23	72.79	47.82	0.59	4.34	0.38
1995	21.13	102.62	5.03	72.85	47.91	0.74	4.34	0.40
2000	20.86	102.34	5.26	72.75	48.10	0.80	4.46	0.45
2005	21.13	102.02	5.33	72.88	47.53	1.01	4.55	0.57
2010	21.25	102.74	5.54	72.03	46.95	1.23	4.57	0.70
2015	21.24	103.30	5.68	70.69	46.71	1.49	4.68	1.22
1970—1995	0.25	-0.61	-0.74	0.47	0.18	0.23	0.05	0.18
1995—2015	0.11	0.68	0.65	-2.16	-1.20	0.76	0.34	0.82
1970—2015	0.36	0.07	-0.09	-1.69	-1.02	0.99	0.39	1.00

	城乡居民点用地增加量/km²	比重/%	工矿及交通用地增加量/km²	比重/%
中原城市群	4132.42	37.53	1140.05	13.87
山东半岛城市群	2323.63	21.10	1099.85	13.38
关中城市群	1367.45	12.41	422.45	5.14
呼包鄂榆城市群	738.56	6.70	1853.97	22.56
宁夏沿黄城市群	464.99	4.22	511.40	6.22
兰西城市群	488.46	4.44	164.66	2.00
太原城市群	116.27	1.06	105.30	1.28
城市群总和	9631.78	87.47	5297.68	64.46
黄河流域省区	11011.06	100.00	8218.68	100.00

	1970年	1995年	2015年
粮食保障用地	0.85	0.86	0.84
生态保育用地	0.86	0.87	0.86
城乡建设用地	0.84	0.85	0.76

1970年	1995年
1970年	耕地	林地	草地	水域	未利用土地	城镇用地	农村居民点用地	工矿及交通用地
耕地	43.53	0.70	2.42	0.16	0.14	0.21	0.54	0.05
林地	0.49	18.78	1.46	0.02	0.12	0.01	0.01	0.00
草地	2.88	1.48	93.82	0.24	4.72	0.01	0.05	0.02
水域	0.33	0.04	0.43	4.39	0.48	0.00	0.01	0.08
未利用土地	0.19	0.09	4.43	0.22	67.38	0.01	0.01	0.06
城镇用地	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.47	0.00	0.00
农村居民点用地	0.46	0.03	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.03	3.72	0.01
工矿及交通用地	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.18