经济与生态双重视角下大都市边缘城镇开发边界划定——以广州市番禺区为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.02.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

划定城镇开发边界有助于保护城市周边和城市内部重要生态区域和自然资源;引导城市高效、有序开发建设,防止城市低效蔓延;优化城市建设空间格局,提高城市土地资源节约集约利用水平。本文基于经济与生态双重视角定义了一个建设适宜性指数,通过计算用地单元建设适宜性指数,并设定决定是否纳入开发边界内的适宜性指数阈值,对广州市番禺区这一典型大都市边缘城镇的开发边界进行了划定,在建设用地规模保持不变、有所增加、有所减小等3种不同发展预期下,得出了3种相应的划定方案。结果显示：①番禺区建设适宜性指数较高的区域与现有建成区吻合程度较高,包含了位于番禺区东北部、西部部分尚未开发建设的战略储备用地。建设适宜性指数较低区域主要包含了山林、水源保护区、生态廊道、永久基本农田等;②开发边界划定结果中生态廊道体现明显,将番禺区建设用地分隔为若干组团,且连片的建设用地中有足够的“生态留白”;③开发边界划定结果与现状建设用地存在一定差异,这有助于引导优化城市建设空间格局、提高城市土地资源节约集约利用水平;3种不同发展预期下开发边界划定方案的差异主要在于对经济价值和生态效益同时较高或较低的用地单元的取舍。大都市边缘城镇由于其自身特征,在划定城镇开发边界时应兼顾引导、保护和优化的功能。本文采用的城镇开发边界划定方法综合考虑了经济和生态两个方面,并且具备一定灵活性,适宜在大都市边缘城镇的开发边界划定中采用。

关键词: 城镇开发边界, 大都市边缘城镇, 建设用地适宜性评价, 绿色基础设施, 广州市番禺区

Abstract:

Delimiting the boundary of urban development can help to protect important ecological areas and natural resources, guide the efficient and orderly construction, prevent inefficient spread, optimize the spatial pattern of urban construction, and improve the level of land resource conservation and intensive use. This study defined a construction suitability index based on the economic and ecological perspectives. Through the calculation of the construction suitability index of landuse units and the setting of thresholds, the development boundary of Panyu District, a typical metropolis fringe town in Guangzhou City, was delimited. Under three different developing scenarios, three corresponding delimitation schemes were obtained. The results show that areas with high construction suitability in Panyu District coincidence with the current construction land. Some of the unconstructed landuse units with favorable conditions for development in the northeastern and western parts of Panyu, which are used as strategic land reserves by the local government, also have high construction suitability. The areas with low construction suitability mainly include mountain forests, water source protection areas, ecological corridors, permanent basic farmlands, and so on. In the resulting delimitation of development boundaries, ecological corridors are clearly identified. The construction land in Panyu is divided into several groups, and there is enough “ecological space” within the contiguous construction land. There are some differences in spatial distribution between the delimitation results and the current construction land, which can be used to guide and optimize the spatial pattern of urban construction and improve the level of urban land resource conservation and intensive use. The differences of the three delimitation schemes under different developing scenarios mainly lie in the allocation of landuse units with high or low economic value and ecological benefit at the same time. These landuse units locating in the “middle zone” and are not the first choice for construction, but can be included within the development boundary as an alternative if there is a need. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: because of its own characteristics, the function of guidance, protection and optimization should be taken into account when delimiting the development boundary of metropolis fringe towns. The method of urban development boundary delimitation in this paper considers both economic and ecological aspects, and has certain flexibility, which is suitable for application in metropolis fringe towns.

Key words: urban development boundaries, metropolitan fringe, suitability evaluation of construction land, green infrastructure, Panyu District, Guangzhou City

曹靖, 张文忠, 刘俊杰. 经济与生态双重视角下大都市边缘城镇开发边界划定——以广州市番禺区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(2): 262-273.

CAO Jing, ZHANG Wenzhong, LIU Junjie. Delimiting urban development boundaries in metropolitan fringe with economic and ecological perspectives:A case study of Panyu District, Guangzhou City[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(2): 262-273.

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划定方法	划定依据或使用的模型算法	主要优缺点
择优法	用地适宜性评价、生境质量评价、基础设施水平评价等	1.有助于引导城市高效、有序开发建设 2.可能忽视某些要素,造成择优结果不够准确 3.对生态环境保护功能体现不足
排除法	生态适宜性评价、生态安全格局评价、资源环境承载力评价、管制区要素叠置等	1.对生态环境保护功能明确 2.缺乏对城镇开发的引导作用
模拟法	CA模型、Sleuth模型、人工神经网络、蚁群算法、转化及影响模型等	1.能够科学地模拟预测未来城镇建设用地增长格局 2.缺乏对城镇开发的引导作用 3.忽视了主观经验对开发边界划定的作用 4.相对复杂,在实际工作中鲜有运用