黄河流域产业发展对生态环境的胁迫诊断与优化路径识别

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.01.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河流域是中国区域发展战略格局的重要支撑区以及国土生态安全的关键区域,也是国家重要的能源安全支撑区和粮食安全基地。但受区位条件、自然地理环境和资源禀赋等因素影响,该地区经济基础相对薄弱,以能源重化工为主的单一化产业体系加重了地区生态环境负担。本文在辨析黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展主要限制因素的基础上,分析了地区产业发展对生态环境本底、大气环境、水资源与水环境、生态功能的胁迫特征,总结了地区产业发展与生态环境保护的主要矛盾及需要把握的关系;提出实现黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展目标,必须处理好产业开发布局与流域生态环境安全格局稳定、重点区域产业发展与资源环境承载能力、重点突破与系统统筹的关系。为此,建议该地区应优化产业发展路径,积极推进以绿色循环为核心的新型工业化,提升产业发展层次;以地区资源环境约束促进能源基础原材料产业规模控制和效率提升;以资源环境承载力为基础优化产业空间布局,确定适宜的产业发展空间和生态保护红线,推进重点能源化工基地建设和城市群产业集聚区建设;加强能矿资源开发的生态空间管控与生态修复,实施一批区域性生态环境治理和修复工程。

关键词: 黄河流域, 产业发展, 生态环境, 胁迫, 优化路径

Abstract:

The Yellow River Basin is a key area for China’s regional development strategy and national ecological security. However, affected by the location, physical environment, and resource endowments, the economic foundation of the region is relatively weak. It has formed an industrial system dominated by energy and heavy chemical industries, which greatly increased the regional ecological burden. The Yellow River Basin is facing the predicaments of weak economic foundation and weak development ability, the pressures of accelerating social and economic development and transformation of development mode, the contradictions between resource use and ecological protection and between industrial development and environmental carrying capacity, and the challenges of deteriorating local living environment. The core contents of ecological environment protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is to balance the relationship between resource use and environmental protection, the scale of development and the carrying capacity of resources and the environment, and the development of key areas and the protection of the total ecological security to ensure energy security, ecological security, food security, watershed security, and the health of human settlements. We suggest that the region should optimize the industrial development path, actively promote the new industrialization with green industrial development as its core, and improve the level of industrial development and resource and environmental efficiency; optimize the industrial space based on the resource and environmental carrying capacity, determine suitable industrial development space and ecological protection red line, promote the construction of key energy and chemical bases and the construction of industrial clusters in urban agglomerations, implement strict environmental access policies, and improve environmental control standards for industrial development; strengthen spatial control and ecological restoration of energy and mining development projects, and implement a series of regional ecological environment governance and restoration projects.

Key words: Yellow River Basin, industrial development, ecological environment, stress, optimized path

金凤君, 马丽, 许堞. 黄河流域产业发展对生态环境的胁迫诊断与优化路径识别[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(1): 127-136.

JIN Fengjun, MA Li, XU Die. Environmental stress and optimized path of industrial development in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(1): 127-136.

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