黄河流域农村饮水安全问题及对策

doi:10.18402/resci.2020.01.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

21世纪以来中国农村饮水安全工程建设取得重大成就,截至2018年底,全国农村自来水普及率已达到80%以上,解决了绝大多数农村人口的安全饮水问题。然而黄河流域部分农村地区水资源短缺、水源水质差、饮水型地方病危害重、饮用水水源地缺乏保护和农村饮水安全工程不完善等问题突出,饮水安全保障工作相对于全国农村饮水安全工程进程较为滞后。为切实解决黄河流域农村人民群众的饮水安全问题,促进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,本文综述了目前黄河流域饮水安全突出的问题,并结合全国农村饮水提质增效的工作目标,提出了进一步做好流域内农村饮水安全工作的建议,包括实现水资源动态配置、加强饮水安全设施建设和工程管理、强化水源地保护与监测等,从优先保障饮用水水量和水质方面全面维护流域内农村地区的饮水安全。

关键词: 饮水水源地, 农村饮水安全, 饮水型地方病, 综述, 黄河流域

Abstract:

Great achievements have been made in drinking water safety provision in rural China since the 21st century. Tap water supply has reached 80% of the rural population by 2018, and at present the absolute majority of rural residents in China have access to drinking water safety. In some areas of the Yellow River Basin, however, drinking water safety provision projects lagged behind the country average and there are still some problems for rural households to access drinking water safety because of water scarcity, water contamination, waterborne diseases, and insufficient drinking water safety projects. In order to promote ecological protection and high-quality development and safeguard water safety in the Yellow River Basin, this article summarizes the current problems and provides some suggestions, including achieving dynamic water configuration, improving the construction and management of water projects, ensuring source water quality, and so on. Priority to domestic water consumption and quality should be given to ensure the drinking water safety in the rural areas.

Key words: drinking water sources, rural drinking water safety, waterborne endemic diseases, review, Yellow River Basin

袁星, 孔畅, 王利, 韦炳干, 李海蓉, 杨林生. 黄河流域农村饮水安全问题及对策[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(1): 69-77.

YUAN Xing, KONG Chang, WANG Li, WEI Binggan, LI Hairong, YANG Linsheng. Problems and countermeasures of drinking water safety provision in rural areas of the Yellow River Basin[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(1): 69-77.

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省份	饮水型氟中毒			饮水型砷中毒
省份	病区村/个	人口/万人	改水村数/个	病区村/个	人口/万人	改水村数/个
青海省	366	34.3	342	22	0.1	3
甘肃省	1780	142.2	1586	58	4.6	16
四川省	94	18.8	87	—	—	—
宁夏回族自治区	3269	105.6	3192	156	3.7	156
内蒙古自治区	10116	490.6	7683	1191	38.2	1146
陕西省	4221	400.7	4032	15	1.4	15
山西省	4045	457.6	3968	157	22.3	148
河南省	18001	1287.6	17319	26	3.3	26
山东省	10546	987.0	10301	—	—	—
黄河流域各省合计	52438	3924.4	48510	1625	73.6	1510