北京市耕地表层土壤有机碳分布及其影响因素

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.12.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤有机碳既是影响全球气候变化的生态因子,也是影响耕地质量的肥力因子,研究耕地土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素对增加耕地碳储量和提升耕地生产能力具有重要指导意义。本文以北京市为研究区,以第二次土壤普查的土壤类型及质地数据、2010年测土配方施肥项目土壤养分调查成果、数字高程模型（DEM）及耕地种植类型分布图为基础数据,分析区域耕地土壤有机碳密度及储量空间分布特征。结果表明：①2010年北京市耕地表层土壤平均有机碳密度为22.51 t/hm ²,碳储量为990.34×10 ⁴ t;②北京市西北部山区以及城市近郊区耕地碳密度较大,各区县中耕地表层土壤平均有机碳密度最大的是门头沟区,达39.93 t/hm ²;③地形、土壤类型、土壤质地及种植类型对耕地土壤有机碳密度均有影响,具随着海拔升高耕地土壤有机碳密度整体呈增加趋势;土壤类型为棕壤、褐土的耕地有机碳密度显著高于其他类型,整体表现出土壤质地越黏重土壤有机碳密度越大的趋势;利用方式为非粮作物的耕地土壤有机碳密度略高于粮食作物;④综合分析表明,在中山、低山区域春玉米土壤碳密度最高,而在丘陵、平原区则是露天菜、设施农业碳密度最高。当前北京市耕地利用调整应综合考虑当地地貌地形、土壤条件以及人为利用因素对耕地表层土壤有机碳的影响,因地制宜提高或保持耕地固碳能力。

关键词: 耕地, 表层土壤, 有机碳密度, 有机碳储量, 耕地利用, 北京市

Abstract:

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an ecological factor as well a typical fertility factor. The study of distribution characteristics and influencing factors of SOC are of great significance for enhancing the cultivated land production capacity and soil carbon storage. Based on agricultural soil sampling data, land use map, digital elevation model (DEM), and cultivated land type distribution map in 2010 and using the zonal statistic function of ArcGIS 10.0 software, we analyzed the spatial distribution feature of SOC density and the influence of natural and human factors in Beijing. The results are as follows: (1) In 2010, the average SOC density of the cultivated land in Beijing was 22.51 t/hm ² and the carbon storage was 990.34×10 ⁴ t; (2) The SOC densities of cultivated land topsoil in the northwestern mountainous areas and suburban areas were higher than the other areas in Beijing. The average SOC density in the surface soil in Mentougou District was the highest among all the 16 districts, reaching 39.93 t/hm ² ; (3) Topography, soil type, soil texture, and planting type had significant effects on SOC density, The organic carbon density of cultivated topsoil generally increased with altitude; The SOC density of brown soil and cinnamon soil is higher than the other soil types, and the SOC density of cultivated topsoil generally increased with the clay content; The cultivated SOC density of cash crops is slightly higher than that of grain crops; (4) The comprehensive analysis showed that the SOC density of spring maize was the highest in middle and low mountain areas, while the open-air vegetable and facility agriculture fields had the highest SOC densities in hills and plain areas. The adjustment of cultivated land use in Beijing should consider the influence of topography, soil condition, and human factors on the SOC content of cultivated land, and the carbon sequestration capacity of cultivated land should be improved or maintained according to local conditions.

Key words: cultivated land, topsoil, organic carbon density, organic carbon storage, cultivated land use, Beijing Municipality

孔祥斌, 胡莹洁, 李月, 段增强. 北京市耕地表层土壤有机碳分布及其影响因素[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(12): 2307-2315.

KONG Xiangbin, HU Yingjie, LI Yue, DUAN Zengqiang. Distribution and influencing factors of soil organic carbon of cultivated land topsoil in Beijing[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(12): 2307-2315.

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各区	耕地面积	土壤有机碳密度/(t/hm²)			有机碳储量/10⁴ t
各区	耕地面积	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	有机碳储量/10⁴ t
丰台区	6314	25.73	4.04	15.71	16.25
大兴区	66338	20.43	4.77	23.33	135.50
密云区	44316	21.27	6.68	31.41	94.26
平谷区	30170	22.28	2.77	12.43	67.22
延庆区	45649	22.62	9.94	43.96	103.25
怀柔区	27944	26.96	7.64	28.32	75.33
房山区	46100	23.30	9.28	39.84	107.43
昌平区	29411	22.99	4.85	21.11	67.63
朝阳区	8947	27.70	4.71	16.99	24.78
海淀区	9190	27.58	5.58	20.22	25.34
石景山区	19	32.93	3.36	10.19	0.06
通州区	57704	23.69	4.85	20.46	136.68
门头沟区	7362	39.93	6.44	16.12	29.39
顺义区	60589	17.70	3.18	17.94	107.23
合计	440053	22.51	5.58	22.72	990.34

地貌类型	栅格面积/hm²	土壤有机碳密度/(t/hm²)			有机碳储量/10⁴ t
地貌类型	栅格面积/hm²	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	有机碳储量/10⁴ t
平原	319005	21.09c	4.94	23.42	672.74
丘陵	42830	24.39b	7.25	29.73	104.48
低山	72596	26.26b	10.39	39.57	190.65
中山	5175	41.72a	13.78	33.03	21.59

土壤类型	图斑面积/hm²	土壤有机碳密度 /(t/hm²)			有机碳储量/10⁴t
土壤类型	图斑面积/hm²	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	有机碳储量/10⁴t
潮土	224808	21.23bc	4.98	23.46	476.17
风砂土	663	18.51d	4.95	26.74	1.24
褐土	86539	20.95c	5.08	24.25	180.46
水稻土	5249	22.22b	5.36	24.12	11.29
棕壤	44	29.20a	8.15	27.91	0.11
沼泽土	1077	19.45c	2.97	15.27	2.03

土壤质地	图斑面积/hm²	土壤有机碳密度 /(t/hm²)			有机碳储量/10⁴t
土壤质地	图斑面积/hm²	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	有机碳储量/10⁴t
轻壤质	149297	21.47c	4.84	22.54	321.23
砂壤质	83778	20.66c	4.79	23.18	171.65
砂质	33110	18.01d	4.45	24.71	58.18
粘壤质	3142	26.64a	4.74	17.79	8.31
中壤质	41511	22.68b	5.10	22.49	94.65
重壤质	5145	23.99b	5.85	24.39	12.28

耕地利用方式	面积/hm²	土壤有机碳密度 /(t/hm²)			有机碳储量/10⁴t
耕地利用方式	面积/hm²	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	有机碳储量/10⁴t
冬小麦	844	20.13	4.25	21.11	1.70
露天菜	7660	20.31	4.79	23.58	15.56
设施农业	18161	20.48	5.05	24.66	37.19
春玉米	49642	21.00	6.93	33.00	104.27
冬小麦-夏玉米	17941	19.67	4.50	22.88	35.29