资源科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 2227-2236.doi: 10.18402/resci.2019.12.07
收稿日期:
2019-07-05
修回日期:
2019-11-20
出版日期:
2019-12-25
发布日期:
2019-12-25
通讯作者:
李桦
作者简介:
于艳丽,女,山东威海人,博士生,研究方向为资源经济与环境管理。E-mail: yuyanli930317@163.com
基金资助:
YU Yanli, LI Hua(), XUE Caixia
Received:
2019-07-05
Revised:
2019-11-20
Online:
2019-12-25
Published:
2019-12-25
Contact:
LI Hua
摘要:
为有效提升茶农减量施药行为,推动农业绿色发展,以陕西、四川、浙江、安徽4省地理标志保护区818户茶农的实地调查数据为基础,采用逐步回归和调节效应模型分析政府规制、社区治理如何对茶农减量施药行为产生影响。研究发现:现阶段农户的过量施药行为普遍存在;在未引入社区治理情境下,政府规制对农户减量施药行为有显著促进作用;在引入社区治理情境下,政府规制促进作用减弱,社区治理对农户减量施药行为有显著促进作用;调节效应结果表明政府规制与社区治理在规制农户减量施药行为时属于互补作用;农户减量施药行为还受家庭党员情况、病虫害防控认知及信息化水平等因素的显著影响。政府为提高规制效率,应引入社区治理机制,出台以社区治理为主、政府规制为辅的相应政策。
于艳丽, 李桦, 薛彩霞. 政府规制与社区治理对茶农减量施药行为的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(12): 2227-2236.
YU Yanli, LI Hua, XUE Caixia. Influence of government regulation and community governance on tea farmers’ behavior of reducing pesticide use[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(12): 2227-2236.
表1
变量含义及赋值"
变量 | 定义与赋值 | 平均值 | 标准差 |
---|---|---|---|
被解释变量 | |||
减量施药行为 | 近5年是否有农药减量施用行为?是=1,否=0 | 0.2677 | 0.4430 |
解释变量 | |||
政府规制 | |||
政府监管力度 | 政府是否对施用农药行为进行监管?是=1,否=0 | 0.2702 | 0.4443 |
社区治理 | |||
社区农户监督作用 | 社区内农户之间普遍在茶叶绿色生产中相互监督:1=完全不同意,2=不同意,3=一般,4=同意,5=完全同意 | 3.2983 | 1.1257 |
社区政策宣传培训 | 村委会是否为茶农提供绿色生产培训/宣传?是=1,否=0 | 0.2616 | 0.4398 |
社区收购商监督作用 | 社区收购商是否对农户绿色生产进行监督?是=1,否=0 | 0.2861 | 0.4522 |
控制变量 | |||
家庭特征 | |||
户主年龄 | 户主实际年龄/岁 | 58.2066 | 10.2244 |
户主受教育程度 | 户主受教育的年份/年 | 6.1161 | 3.5125 |
户主是党员 | 户主是否是党员?是=1,否=0 | 0.1247 | 0.3306 |
劳动力人口 | 家庭中家庭劳动力的数量 | 2.6822 | 1.1943 |
病虫害防治认知 | 是否发现害虫就立即施药?是=1,否=0 | 0.4792 | 0.4999 |
种茶时间 | 种茶叶的累积时间/年 | 25.3399 | 12.5871 |
海拔 | 当地的实际海拔/m | 434.1967 | 263.1709 |
信息化程度 | 是否使用智能手机?是=1,否=0 | 0.5844 | 0.4931 |
品牌追溯体系 | 当地是否建立茶叶品牌追溯体系?是=1,否=0 | 0.1834 | 0.3872 |
地区虚拟变量(以浙江省为参照组) | |||
陕西 | 地区处于陕西?是=1,否=0 | 0.3557 | 0.4790 |
四川 | 地区处于四川?是=1,否=0 | 0.2518 | 0.4343 |
安徽 | 地区处于安徽?是=1,否=0 | 0.2384 | 0.4264 |
表4
茶农减量施药行为影响因素的估计结果"
变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | |
---|---|---|---|
系数(标准误) | 系数(标准误) | ||
政府规制 | |||
政府对农药的监管 | 0.2526**(0.1200) | 0.0517(0.1327) | |
社区治理 | |||
社区农户监督 | — | 0.1187**(0.0518) | |
社区政策宣传培训 | — | 0.2529**(0.1244) | |
社区收购商监督 | — | 0.3605***(0.1155) | |
家庭特征 | |||
户主年龄 | -0.0922(0.3172) | -0.0233(0.3214) | |
户主受教育水平 | -0.0210(0.0156) | -0.0218(0.0160) | |
户主是党员 | 0.3403**(0.1476) | 0.3192**(0.1486) | |
劳动力人口 | -0.0532(0.0456) | -0.0426(0.0462) | |
非农劳动力占比 | 0.1001(0.1997) | 0.1270(0.2015) | |
病虫害防治认知 | -0.5764***(0.1017) | -0.6103***(0.1041) | |
种茶时间 | 0.0862(0.0856) | 0.0823(0.0853) | |
海拔 | 0.1552(0.1684) | 0.0787(0.1651) | |
信息化程度 | 0.2258**(0.1107) | 0.2101*(0.1133) | |
品牌追溯体系 | -0.0869(0.1352) | -0.2891**(0.1413) | |
地区虚拟变量 | |||
陕西 | 0.0673(0.2311) | 0.2073(0.2274) | |
四川 | -0.4562*(0.2596) | -0.3405(0.2588) | |
安徽 | -0.0188(0.1736) | 0.1107(0.1796) | |
常数项 | -1.0848(1.6974) | -1.5027(1.7058) | |
样本量 | 818 | 818 | |
Wald chi2 | 62.40 | 82.28 | |
P值 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | |
Pseudo R2 | 0.0698 | 0.0937 |
表5
调节效应检验"
变量 | 社区农户监督调节(1) | 社区政策宣传调节(2) | 社区收购商监督调节(3) |
---|---|---|---|
政府规制 | |||
政府对农药的监管 | 0.0933(0.1337) | 0.0286(0.1426) | 0.2045*(0.1230) |
社区治理 | |||
社区农户监督 | 0.1535***(0.0519) | — | — |
政府规制×社区农户监督 | 0.2495**(0.1246) | — | — |
社区政策宣传培训 | — | 0.2703**(0.1339) | — |
政府规制×社区政策宣传培训 | — | 0.4220*(0.2555) | — |
社区收购商监督 | — | — | 0.3594***(0.1170) |
政府规制×收购商监督 | — | — | 0.3903*(0.2302) |
控制变量 | 有 | 有 | 有 |
样本量 | 818 | 818 | 818 |
Wald chi2 | 72.17 | 70.49 | 74.23 |
P值 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.0842 | 0.0803 | 0.0840 |
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