生境和资源等价分析法国外研究进展与应用

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.11.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

等价分析法是基于生境/资源修复目标,通过服务对等假设来确定修复工程规模或成本的损害评估方法,最先被美国应用于溢油损害评估中,近年来成为国际上生境与资源损害评估和修复的主流方法之一,被广泛应用于河口湿地,森林和海洋生态系统等生境和资源的保护与修复领域。2007年,国内学者开始引入等价分析法,但目前研究多只是对其应用领域的简单拓展,缺乏理论层面的探讨。在此背景下,本文系统梳理了等价分析法的提出背景、概念原理、关键假设和输入参数,总结归纳等价分析法在生境与资源损害评估中的应用领域,讨论了该方法现阶段应用过程中存在的争议。从理论层面对生态修复方法进行探索,以期国外研究成果和管理经验可为中国政府部门开展生态修复管理提供重要的参考和借鉴。

关键词: 生境等价分析法, 资源等价分析法, 生境修复, 资源修复, 自然资源损害评估, 福利效应

Abstract:

Equivalency analysis method is a damage assessment method based on habitat/resource restoration objectives. This method determines the scale or cost of restoration project through service equivalence assumptions. It was first used by the United States for oil spill damage assessment and has become one of the mainstream methods for habitat and resource damage assessment and restoration in the world in recent years. It is widely used in the protection and restoration of habitats and resources such as estuarine wetlands, forests, and marine ecosystems. Since 2007, Chinese scholars have introduced equivalency analysis method, but the current research is only a simple extension of its application fields, lacking theoretical discussion. Under this background, this article systematically presents the background, conceptual principles, key assumptions, and input parameters of the equivalency analysis method, then summarizes its application fields in habitat and resource damage assessment, and finally discusses the controversies in the application of this method at this stage. Through examining the theoretical aspects of the ecological restoration methods, we hope that international research and management experiences can provide important references for relevant government authorities in China to manage ecological restoration.

Key words: habitat equivalency analysis (HEA), resource equivalency analysis (REA), habit restoration, resource restoration, natural resource damage assessment (NRDA), welfare implications

李京梅, 李宜纯. 生境和资源等价分析法国外研究进展与应用[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(11): 2059-2070.

LI Jingmei, LI Yichun. International research and application of habitat and resource equivalency analyses[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(11): 2059-2070.

图/表 4

图1

图2

表1

HEA的输入参数"

参数	参数表示	参数	参数表示
受损生境的服务损失参数		补偿性修复工程的服务收益参数
受损生境的面积	Q_J	修复工程开始的时间	t=I
损害开始的年份	t=T	修复达到最高服务水平的时间	t=M
自然恢复开始的时间	t=Z	服务收益到期的时间	t=L
自然恢复服务达到最高水平的时间	t=X	修复工程所提供服务的单位价值	V_R
生境受损前所提供服务的单位价值	V_J	修复工程所提供单位服务的初始水平	b^R
生境受损前的基线服务水平	b^J	修复工程所提供单位服务的水平	$x t R$
受损生境所提供单位服务的水平	$x t J$
贴现率	r
贴现的基期	P

表1

表2

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