曲周县耕地利用系统韧性评价

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.10.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

耕地韧性评价是耕地资源管理的有效方式,对于保障耕地可持续利用与粮食安全具有重要意义。本文提出了耕地利用系统韧性的概念,基于表象韧性与潜在韧性两个层面,从稳定增长能力、高效利用能力、抵抗干扰能力、资源支撑能力4个方面建立了耕地利用系统韧性评价指标体系,并选取河北省曲周县进行实证分析,对曲周县1973—2014年的耕地利用进行阶段划分,并对不同阶段耕地利用系统韧性进行评价。结果表明：①曲周县耕地利用依据耕地利用技术与耕地产出水平可划分为3个阶段：改土治碱阶段（1973—1985年）,稳定发展阶段（1986—2002年）,高效提升阶段（2003—2014年）。②高效提升阶段的表象韧性明显高于前两个阶段,其耕地单产水平最高,达到12746.33 kg/hm ²,粮食生产波动指数较小为8%,水热资源利用指数为1.58,抗逆指数为0.97。技术进步是促使耕地利用系统表象韧性提升的主要原因。③高效提升阶段的潜在韧性最低,其水资源平衡指数仅为-0.36,区域水资源失去平衡,亟需对灌溉技术与灌溉利用方式进行改善,增强耕地利用系统韧性。应提高耕地系统的韧性,不断增强耕地对外界干扰的适应能力,从而满足当前耕地资源“数量、质量、生态”三位一体的管理需求。

关键词: 耕地利用系统, 耕地利用阶段, 表象韧性, 潜在韧性, 河北省曲周县

Abstract:

Evaluation of cultivated land resilience is an effective way to manage cultivated land resources and ensure the sustainable use of cultivated land and food security. This research put forward the concept of cultivated land system resilience and established the evaluation index system including stable growth capacity, efficient utilization ability, interference resistance ability, and resource support ability based on apparent resilience and potential resilience. This study selected Quzhou County of Hebei Province as the case study area and divided cultivated land utilization of the county from 1973 to 2014 into stages, and evaluated the resilience of cultivated land system in different stages. The results show that: (1) Cultivated land use was divided into three stages based on cultivated land use technology and cultivated land output level: saline-alkali land treatment stage (1973-1985), stable development stage (1986-2002), and rapid development stage (2003-2014); (2) The apparent resilience at the rapid development stage was higher than the previous two stages, the yield per unit area of cultivated land was the highest, reaching 12476.33 kg/hm ², fluctuation index value of grain production was 8%, and comprehensive utilization index of water and heat resources was 1.58, stress resistance index was 0.97. Technology progress was the main reason for this change; (3) The potential resilience at the rapid development stage was the lowest, it’s water resources balance index value was -0.36, indicating that regional water resources were out of balance. Therefore, it is urgent to improve irrigation technology and the application of irrigation at this stage to enhance the resilience of cultivated land system. The resilience of the cultivated land system and the adaptability to external disturbances should be continuously enhanced to meet the management of the current “quantity, quality and ecology” of cultivated land.

Key words: cultivated land system, cultivated land utilization stage, apparent resilience, potential resilience, Quzhou County of Hebei Province

孟丽君,黄灿,陈鑫,江丽,张国梁,郝晋珉,安萍莉. 曲周县耕地利用系统韧性评价[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(10): 1949-1958.

MENG Lijun,HUANG Can,CHEN Xin,JIANG Li,ZHANG Guoliang,HAO Jinmin,AN Pingli. Evaluation of cultivated land system resilience of Quzhou County[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(10): 1949-1958.

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耕地利用阶段	波峰	波谷	波幅	平均亩产/（kg/hm²）
改土治碱阶段	0.40	-0.24	17%	3693.46
稳定发展阶段	0.16	-0.33	7%	8466.12
高效提升阶段	0.12	-0.09	8%	12746.33

阶段	热量资源利用效率/（kg/（hm²?℃））			水资源利用效率/（kg/m³）			水热资源综合利用指数
阶段	冬小麦	夏玉米	综合	冬小麦	夏玉米	综合	水热资源综合利用指数
改土治碱阶段	0.86	0.69	0.79	3.81	3.10	3.53	0.34
稳定发展阶段	1.89	1.52	1.77	8.58	7.87	8.36	0.98
高效提升阶段	2.73	2.55	2.65	11.91	11.71	11.82	1.58