资源科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1935-1948.doi: 10.18402/resci.2019.10.15
收稿日期:
2019-03-22
修回日期:
2019-06-11
出版日期:
2019-10-25
发布日期:
2019-10-25
通讯作者:
陈杰
作者简介:
巫振富,男,广西八步人,博士生,从事土地资源可持续利用研究。E-mail: 基金资助:
WU Zhenfu1,ZHAO Yanfeng2,CHENG Daoquan3,CHEN Jie2()
Received:
2019-03-22
Revised:
2019-06-11
Online:
2019-10-25
Published:
2019-10-25
Contact:
CHEN Jie
摘要:
科学评价各种影响因素在作物产量空间分异中的作用,对因地制宜进行粮食生产功能区划定、种植结构选择、中低产田改造、高标准粮田建设等农业生产实践具有重要意义。本文以河南省为研究区,收集整理2008—2010年各县田间肥料试验数据、耕地地力评价资料和夏玉米生长季气象数据,利用Boruta算法和随机森林模型定量评价施肥、土壤、气候、品种和灌排等5个组别共计17个因素对夏玉米产量空间分异的影响。结果显示:河南省夏玉米高产区主要分布在豫北黄淮海平原区,中产区主要分布在豫东平原区和南阳盆地,低产区分布在豫西、豫南和南阳盆地外围的丘陵山地。产量年际波动较小的区域主要集中分布于中产区。17个因素对夏玉米产量空间分异均有重要影响。施肥,尤其是配方施肥,虽然可以有效提高作物产量,但是并不能改变作物产量的空间分布格局。上述结果表明,作物产量空间分布格局主要受气候、土壤和立地条件等区域性因素的综合制约,有效保护高产稳产的优质耕地资源、通过消除土壤障碍因素和改善耕地立地条件提高耕地基础地力是保障可持续粮食安全的重要途径。
巫振富,赵彦锋,程道全,陈杰. 河南省夏玉米产量空间分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(10): 1935-1948.
WU Zhenfu,ZHAO Yanfeng,CHENG Daoquan,CHEN Jie. Key factors affecting the spatial variation of summer maize yield in Henan Province, China[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(10): 1935-1948.
表1
研究区三区示范田间试验样点施肥量统计特征"
肥料类型 | 样点数 | N | P2O5 | K2O | N、P2O5、K2O总用量平均值 /(kg/hm2) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 /(kg/hm2) | 变异系数/% | 平均值 /(kg/hm2) | 变异系数/% | 平均值 /(kg/hm2) | 变异系数/% | |||||||
2008年 | CF | NPK | 230 | 218 | 25.41 | 56 | 49.18 | 50 | 62.26 | — | ||
NP | 74 | 213 | 17.15 | 70 | 58.99 | — | — | — | ||||
NK | 9 | 198 | 25.30 | — | — | 35 | 44.26 | — | ||||
N | 193 | 248 | 26.11 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
小计 | 506 | 228 | 25.78 | 36 | 107.16 | 23 | 139.30 | 287 | ||||
FF | NPK | 499 | 203 | 23.06 | 64 | 34.78 | 63 | 39.59 | — | |||
NP | 7 | 166 | 20.98 | 43 | 31.49 | — | — | — | ||||
小计 | 506 | 203 | 23.13 | 64 | 34.99 | 62 | 41.59 | 329 | ||||
2009年 | CF | NPK | 274 | 219 | 26.62 | 50 | 47.42 | 45 | 45.65 | — | ||
NP | 58 | 230 | 16.25 | 58 | 52.13 | — | — | — | ||||
NK | 9 | 233 | 11.83 | — | — | 41 | 16.91 | — | ||||
N | 232 | 265 | 22.28 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
小计 | 573 | 239 | 25.29 | 30 | 106.71 | 22 | 119.92 | 291 | ||||
FF | NPK | 510 | 211 | 21.72 | 58 | 42.79 | 55 | 36.99 | — | |||
NP | 30 | 168 | 15.62 | 41 | 39.59 | — | — | — | ||||
NK | 22 | 187 | 13.23 | — | — | 37 | 24.93 | — | ||||
N | 11 | 252 | 17.20 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
小计 | 573 | 209 | 22.01 | 54 | 51.02 | 51 | 47.77 | 313 | ||||
2010年 | CF | NPK | 255 | 232 | 32.61 | 62 | 54.03 | 52 | 49.85 | — | ||
NP | 65 | 231 | 17.05 | 66 | 46.91 | — | — | — | ||||
NK | 15 | 249 | 8.25 | — | — | 43 | 24.63 | — | ||||
N | 217 | 266 | 29.19 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
小计 | 552 | 246 | 30.13 | 36 | 109.62 | 25 | 124.14 | 307 | ||||
FF | NPK | 491 | 211 | 23.42 | 48 | 35.42 | 52 | 37.96 | — | |||
NP | 30 | 144 | 47.84 | 49 | 34.78 | — | — | — | ||||
NK | 14 | 197 | 12.96 | — | — | 32 | 26.73 | — | ||||
N | 17 | 222 | 27.94 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
小计 | 552 | 207 | 25.48 | 45 | 43.96 | 47 | 50.50 | 299 |
表2
研究区三区示范田间试验样点夏玉米产量统计特征"
年份 | 施肥处理 | 最低产量/(kg/hm2) | 平均产量/(kg/hm2) | 最高产量/(kg/hm2) | 标准差/(kg/hm2) | 变异系数/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008年 | CK | 2460 | 6020 | 10485 | 1429 | 23.74 |
CF | 3240 | 7630 | 11550 | 1355 | 17.76 | |
FF | 4509 | 8460 | 12495 | 1410 | 16.67 | |
2009年 | CK | 1889 | 5826 | 11505 | 1445 | 24.80 |
CF | 2154 | 7455 | 12150 | 1367 | 18.34 | |
FF | 2334 | 8137 | 13395 | 1430 | 17.57 | |
2010年 | CK | 2906 | 5787 | 11595 | 1282 | 22.15 |
CF | 4050 | 7332 | 11645 | 1345 | 18.34 | |
FF | 4200 | 7992 | 12338 | 1431 | 17.91 |
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