中国种植业劳动生产率区域差异的动态演进及驱动机制

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.08.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

增进种植业劳动生产率地区差异的动态演进过程及其驱动机制的认识对于促进区域间农民收入的平衡增长具有重要的现实意义。本文基于2000—2016年中国31个省（市、区）种植业的面板数据,采用非参数估计方法将劳动生产率的变动分解为技术效率变动、技术进步、资本劳动替代、土地劳动替代和产出结构调整5种效应,以此探讨种植业劳动生产率地区差异的动态演进及其形成机制。结果表明：①中国种植业劳动生产率地区差异在样本期内整体上经历了“扩大（2000—2003年）—缩小（2003—2009年）—再扩大（2009—2012年）—再缩小（2012—2016年）”的交替演进过程;②深入探究此演变的驱动机制发现,技术进步是第一阶段地区差距扩大的主要动因;随后,技术效率改善和产出结构优化共同推动了该差距逐步缩小;在随后4年中,产出结构进一步调整导致种植业劳动生产率的区域差距再次扩大;2012年之后,随着农地适度规模化经营的逐步推进,土地劳动替代效应和产出结构效应促进了地区差距再次缩小。因此,技术进步与技术效率是2010年之前中国种植业劳动生产率区域差异变化的主要驱动力,而投入和产出结构调整则成为2012年后地区差距缩小的重要动因。

关键词: 种植业, 劳动生产率, 区域差异, 动态演进, 驱动机制, 中国

Abstract:

This study evaluates the mechanism of change of regional differences in labor productivity of planting using the dataset for 31 provinces in China’s mainland over the period 2000-2016. Based on a non-parametric estimation method, labor productivity growth of planting is decomposed into five components including technical efficiency, technological progress, substitution effect of capital to labor, substitution effect of land to labor, and output structure effect. The results indicate that: (1) The regional differences in labor productivity of planting present an obvious upward trend during the whole study period. It experienced an alternate change process of “expanding (2000-2003)”, “narrowing (2003-2009)”, “another expanding (2009-2012)”, “another narrowing (2012-2016)”. (2) Technological progress contributed to the divergence in the first phase. Subsequently, the improvement of technical efficiency and the optimization of output structure jointly narrowed the gaps. Afterward, the adjustment of the output structure led to the expansion of regional disparity. Recently, due to the optimization of land-labor ratio and output structure, the regional gaps became narrower.

Key words: planting, labor productivity, regional difference, dynamic change, driving mechanism, China

杨福霞,郑凡,杨冕. 中国种植业劳动生产率区域差异的动态演进及驱动机制[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(8): 1563-1575.

Fuxia YANG,Fan ZHENG,Mian YANG. Dynamic evolution mechanism of regional disparity in labor productivity of planting[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(8): 1563-1575.

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地区	2000	2003	2006	2009	2012	2016	历年平均
北京	18.727	26.092	21.928	16.005	16.405	11.165	18.605
天津	15.170	21.140	19.532	14.136	16.413	20.155	17.453
河北	7.775	10.324	12.381	12.507	13.408	15.047	12.273
山西	4.053	5.045	5.194	4.764	5.630	6.276	5.158
内蒙古	6.738	8.349	10.810	13.391	14.866	15.056	11.906
辽宁	8.912	12.927	13.996	18.043	19.633	14.966	15.532
吉林	8.184	9.758	12.301	13.643	16.870	20.255	13.688
黑龙江	7.348	8.149	9.937	11.680	14.486	16.684	11.765
上海	15.330	19.444	19.110	20.540	21.798	18.347	20.083
江苏	6.396	7.875	10.179	12.642	16.819	21.267	12.884
浙江	5.781	7.135	8.152	8.413	10.887	11.739	8.853
安徽	3.764	4.454	5.577	6.791	7.620	9.650	6.441
福建	6.479	6.879	7.440	8.400	8.750	9.978	8.152
江西	6.329	3.676	7.558	8.500	9.712	10.295	8.158
山东	6.996	8.617	9.975	11.013	13.185	15.944	11.021
河南	3.727	4.854	7.010	7.644	8.487	9.482	7.053
湖北	5.876	5.876	5.889	6.500	7.274	11.060	6.967
湖南	4.260	5.363	6.262	7.033	7.419	8.702	6.627
广东	5.166	5.675	5.586	5.637	6.591	7.162	6.032
广西	4.041	4.486	4.932	4.787	5.327	6.210	4.945
海南	5.029	6.054	6.205	6.164	7.214	7.083	6.526
重庆	3.503	4.786	5.174	6.447	7.583	10.694	6.428
四川	4.001	5.279	6.381	6.368	7.270	8.243	6.515
贵州	2.072	1.915	2.417	3.125	3.552	4.579	2.895
云南	1.987	2.522	2.958	3.436	3.847	4.638	3.266
西藏	2.505	3.464	3.600	3.924	3.948	6.175	3.808
陕西	2.365	2.784	3.341	4.529	5.360	5.936	4.109
甘肃	1.928	2.560	2.870	3.411	4.036	5.027	3.365
青海	2.346	3.140	3.895	5.080	5.786	5.743	4.478
宁夏	4.384	5.801	6.594	8.983	8.281	9.714	7.432
新疆	4.779	5.695	6.319	8.780	8.245	8.878	7.308
全国	5.998	7.423	8.177	8.784	9.894	10.843	8.701