基于MODIS/NDVI的锡林郭勒草原植被变化及其归因

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.07.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在国家“生态文明”战略背景下,蒙古高原作为中国北方重要生态屏障的作用更加凸显。锡林郭勒作为蒙古高原南端的典型内流区与生态敏感区,其草原植被覆盖变化规律在一定程度上能表征中国北方整体生态系统功能的变化态势。本文采用MODIS13Q1的产品NDVI数据集,运用势分析法、偏相关性及残差分析法,分析锡林郭勒草原2000—2015年生长期植被覆盖度时空演变特征,探讨草原植被变化的归因。研究结果表明：16年来锡林郭勒草原的生长期植植被覆盖每年以0.0021的速率缓慢增长,但其变化趋势存在明显地域差异性;比较发现,降水因子是影响锡林郭勒地区植被覆盖变化的主要因素;人类活动对该地区植被覆盖变化的改善促进和破坏抑制作用并存,总体是正向干扰效应大于负向干扰效应,人类活动对植被覆盖度改善作用的面积占34.911%,京津风沙源地治理工程等在草原生态环境改善中发挥重要作用;而人类活动导致生态环境遭到破坏的面积占19.348%,尤其是草原露天煤矿开采严重破坏草原植被系统。

关键词: 草原植被变化, 残差分析, MODIS/NDVI数据集, 人类活动, 草原露天煤矿, 锡林郭勒草原

Abstract:

Grassland degradation has become an important ecological problem, seriously affecting the social and economic development of northern China. Based on MODIS/NDVI datasets, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of change in vegetation cover and their linkages with climate change and human activities from 2000 to 2015 in the typical grassland region of Xilingol in northern China. The results indicate that NDVI increased significantly, at a growth rate of 0.0021/a. But the trend of vegetation coverage change differed spatially, especially in some areas of northwest Otindag Sandy Land and Sonid Right and Sonid Left Banners, where grassland degradation has occurred. The degraded area accounted for 1/5 of the total, and the grassland vegetation cover in other areas clearly increased. Compared with temperature, precipitation is the main factor affecting vegetation cover change in the study area. Human activities play both a positive and a negative role in improving and degrading grassland vegetation, and the positive effect of human activities on vegetation is greater than the negative effect in Xilingol during 2000-2015. The area of positive human interference accounted for 34.911% of the total, while human activities led to the destruction of the ecological environment of 19.348% of the area. The returning farmland to forest and grassland program, the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project, the Three-North shelter forest project, and other ecological engineering programs promoted vegetation coverage growth. However, the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, overgrazing, excessive land reclamation, and other human activities led to decreased vegetation coverage.

Key words: vegetation cover change, residual analysis, MODIS/NDVI datasets, human activities, mining activities, Xilingol

阿荣, 毕其格, 董振华. 基于MODIS/NDVI的锡林郭勒草原植被变化及其归因[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(7): 1374-1386.

Rong A, Qige BI, Zhenhua DONG. Change of grassland vegetation and driving factors based on MODIS/NDVI in Xilingol, China[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(7): 1374-1386.

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类型	2000—2007年	2008—2015年	16年变化
草甸草原	65.602	68.752	3.150
典型草原	48.746	53.532	4.786
荒漠草原	24.940	26.770	1.830
锡林郭勒地区平均	47.847	51.884	4.037

地区	负向作用	作用不显著	正向作用
正镶白旗	0.155	2.036	5.979
阿巴嘎旗	6.444	15.946	14.482
东乌珠穆沁旗	48.251	19.763	14.897
多伦县	0.139	0.622	4.468
二连浩特市	0.001	0.182	0.014
苏尼特右旗	0.193	9.662	23.565
苏尼特左旗	1.930	25.261	14.384
太卜寺旗	0.463	1.482	2.558
西乌珠穆沁旗	31.187	10.496	1.612
正蓝旗	1.951	5.436	5.969
锡林浩特市	9.156	7.874	6.488
镶黄旗	0.021	1.189	5.514