资源科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 1189-1200.doi: 10.18402/resci.2019.07.01
• 研究综述 • 下一篇
收稿日期:
2018-03-19
修回日期:
2018-05-28
出版日期:
2019-07-25
发布日期:
2019-07-25
作者简介:
作者简介:刘洋,女,山东济南人,副教授,主要研究方向为生态系统服务与生态补偿。E-mail:
基金资助:
Yang LIU1,2(), Jun BI3, Jianshu LV4
Received:
2018-03-19
Revised:
2018-05-28
Online:
2019-07-25
Published:
2019-07-25
摘要:
将生态系统服务理论应用于管理实践是当今研究的重要趋势,而构建符合人类管理需求的分类体系则是其基础。通过综述国内外生态系统服务的分类体系发现:目前研究多从生态系统的产出特征及与人类收益的对应关系进行分类,欠缺针对某一特定管理目标、有助于人类管理决策的分类体系。据此,在已有研究的基础上,考虑流域普遍面临的水环境问题及管理需求,构建一套适用于流域水环境管理的分类体系,并探讨与已有分类的异同。该分类体系将水环境健康作为总体管理目标,根据与该目标的关系确定直接服务、间接服务及生态收益3大类:直接服务是管理目标的具体表征,主要以物理量度量;间接服务有助于支撑管理目标的实现,应综合多学科方法量化;生态收益则体现管理目标的最终效果,可通过价值化方法表征。该分类体系有助于流域关键生态系统服务的识别及特征分析,为后续开展相应模拟、制图及评价等研究奠定基础。
刘洋, 毕军, 吕建树. 生态系统服务分类综述与流域尺度重分类研究[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(7): 1189-1200.
Yang LIU, Jun BI, Jianshu LV. Classification of ecosystem services and a reclassification framework of watershed ecosystem services[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(7): 1189-1200.
表1
FEGS分类体系"
环境层面 | 受益者层面 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水生环境 | 陆地环境 | 大气环境 | 农业 | 工商业 | 政府市政 | 交通 | 生存 | 娱乐 | 灵感 | 学习 | 感知 | 人文 | |
河流溪水、湿地、湖泊坑塘、海湾、海洋、地表水 | 森林、农业生态系统、人工绿地系统、草地、沼泽、岩石裸砾地、苔原、冰川雪地 | 空气、天气、风、其他大气环境 | 农民、灌溉者、养殖户、渔业户等 | 木工、资源、能源生产等相关人员 | 饮用水厂或污水处理厂的操作员、护卫等 | 食物运输者、客运员 | 对水、食物、木材、燃料、建筑物等有生存需求的人 | 采摘者、狩猎者、垂钓者、游泳者、划船人等 | 表彰仪式参与者、庆典参与者、艺术家等 | 教育者、学生、研究者等 | 关注选举、遗产等实际生活问题的人群 | 所有人类 |
表5
多种分类体系的对比分析"
生态系统服务类型 | 本研究的分类体系 | MA的分类体系 | CICES分类体系 | FEGS/NESCS分类体系 |
---|---|---|---|---|
水质净化 | 直接服务类 | 调节服务类 | 调节服务类 | 湿地、林地等环境对用水者、旅游者、污水处理厂等人的利益 |
水量储存 | 直接服务类 | 供给服务类 | 供给服务类 | 地表环境对灌溉者、养殖户、旅游者等人的利益 |
土壤保持 | 间接服务类 | 调节服务类 | 调节服务类 | 林地、草地、湿地等环境对农民、林户等种植者的利益 |
土壤形成 | 间接服务类 | 支撑服务类 | 调节服务类 | — |
水流调节 | 间接服务类 | 调节服务类 | 调节服务类 | 河流、湖泊或坑塘等环境对水利、发电部门的利益 |
洪水调蓄 | 间接服务类 | 调节服务类 | 调节服务类 | 林地、草地、湿地等地表植被环境对居民、市政部门的利益 |
物质循环 | 间接服务类 | 支撑服务类 | 调节服务类 | — |
农产品 | 生态收益 | 供给服务类 | 供给服务类 | 农业环境对农户、居民的利益 |
疾病防控 | 生态收益 | 调节服务类 | 调节服务类 | — |
休闲娱乐 | 生态收益 | 文化服务类 | 文化服务类 | 地表林地、草地、水体等景观环境对旅游者、居民的利益 |
科学教育 | 生态收益 | 文化服务类 | 文化服务类 | 地表水体、植被、农业等环境对学生、教师、科研工作者的利益 |
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