基于结构方程的居民生活垃圾分类行为研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.06.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

居民是城市生活垃圾分类回收系统中的关键主体之一,其分类回收参与率的高低直接关系到整个城市垃圾分类工作的成败。为分析居民垃圾分类行为决策机制,本文以苏州市为案例,对其中心城区居民开展实地问卷调查,并运用结构方程统计分析方法,探讨影响居民生活垃圾分类行为的主要因素和作用路径。研究结果表明：居民生活垃圾分类行为主要由4个主观因素和7个外部情境因素共同作用的结果,且外部条件因素的综合影响是个体主观因素的近2倍,其中,“环境设施和服务”潜变量相关因素对居民行为的综合影响最大,公共宣传教育、回收设施便利性、分类设施便利性、参与意愿和环保意识为对居民垃圾生活处理行为影响最显著的前5个因素。为进一步加快推进中国城市生活垃圾分类工作,建议加强城市生活垃圾分类回收配套设施规划建设,广泛开展垃圾分类回收宣传教育,完善相关法律法规并建立有效的激励约束机制。

关键词: 居民环境行为, 生活垃圾分类, 资源回收, 结构方程分析, 影响因素, 苏州市

Abstract:

The resident is one of the key subjects in the municipal solid waste separation and recovery system. Residents’ participation in source separation of domestic solid waste is one of the most important factors affecting the success or failure of the urban solid waste seperation work. In this study, in order to analyze the mechanisms of residents’ waste seperation and recovery behaviors, Suzhou City was chosen as a case, a field questionnaire survey of the residents in its central area was conducted, and the key factors affecting residents’ waste sorting and recovery behaviors and their paths were explored using the statistical analysis method of structural equation modeling (SEM). The research results show that the domestic solid waste source separation behaviors of the surveyed residents are closely related to four subjective factors and seven objective factors, and the latter’s comprehensive effect is almost twice that of the former. Among all the factors, the latent variable “environmental facilities and services” has the greatest combined impact, while “public education”, “convenience of recycling facilities”, “convenience of separation facilities”, “willingness to participate”, and “environmental awareness” are the top five factors that affect residents’ domestic solid waste separation behaviors. In order to further accelerate the source separation of domestic solid waste in China, it is recommended to strengthen the planning and construction of municipal solid waste separation and recycling facilities, extensively carry out publicity and education on domestic solid waste separation and recycling, improve relevant laws and regulations, and establish an effective incentive and restraint mechanism.

Key words: Residents’ environmental behavior, domestic solid waste seperation, resource recovery, structural equation model analysis, influencing factors, Suzhou City

孟小燕. 基于结构方程的居民生活垃圾分类行为研究[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(6): 1111-1119.

Xiaoyan MENG. Analysis on residents’ behavior of domestic solid waste source separation based on structural equation[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(6): 1111-1119.

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社会属性特征		样本		苏州市总人口占比（2016年）/%*
社会属性特征		频数	比例/%	苏州市总人口占比（2016年）/%*
性别	男	326	46	49*
性别	女	383	54	51
年龄	18~40	298	42	38
	41~60	276	39	29
	>60	135	19	22
教育程度	初中及以下	156	22	34.51
	高中、中专	199	28	30.49
	大学专科、本科	262	37	24.53
	研究生及以上	92	13	0.47
家庭月收入	<4000	128	18	/
	4000~8000	291	41	/
	8001~15000	191	27	/
	15001~20000	85	12	/
	>20001	14	2	/
居住区域	姑苏区	192	27	23
	吴中区	171	24	27
	相城区	135	19	17
	高新区	88	13	14
	工业园区	123	17	19
样本数量		709

潜变量	可观测变量个数	可观测变量名	科隆巴赫系数	信度
环境态度	4	EA1、EA2、EA3、EA4	0.842	高
社会规范	3	PM1、PM2、SN1	0.763	较高
环境知识和宣传教育	2	EK1、PE1	0.791	较高
环境设施和服务	5	PB1、PB2、PB3、PB5	0.885	高

观测变量	提取成份
观测变量	因子1	因子2	因子3	因子4
参与意愿EA2	0.548
公民社会责任PM3	0.732
环保意识EA3	0.693
行为态度EA4	0.782
环境素养EA1
公共宣传教育PE1				0.742
社会认同感PM1		0.680
经济成本收益PB1			0.575
时间花费PB2			0.698
分类设施便利性PB3			0.787
回收设施便利性PB5			0.863
法律法规约束PM2		0.618
邻居的影响SN1		0.722
分类回收知识信息EK1				0.693

路径	假设基本内容	标准化路径系数估计值	统计量检验参数	P(支持强度)
EA → PM3	环境态度→公民社会责任	0.605	-	-
EA → EA2	环境态度→参与意愿	0.371	7.251	***(强力支持)
EA → EA3	环境态度→环保意识	0.690	11.328	***(强力支持)
EA → EA4	环境态度→行为态度	0.725	11.483	***(强力支持)
EK → EK1	环境知识和宣传教育→分类回收知识信息	0.643	-	-
EK → PE1	环境知识和宣传教育→公共宣传教育	0.510	1.884	0.060(不支持)
PB → PB3	环境设施和服务→分类设施便利性	0.550	-	-
PB → PB5	环境设施和服务→回收设施便利性	0.683	5.921	***(强力支持)
EA → WDB	环境态度环境设施和服务→垃圾处理行为	0.188	3.925	***(强力支持)
EK → WDB	环境知识和宣传教育→垃圾处理行为	0.158	1.974	0.048(支持)
PB → PB1	环境设施和服务→经济成本收益	0.443	6.566	***(强力支持)
SN → PM1	社会规范→社会认同感	0.498	-	-
SN → PM2	社会规范→法律法规约束	0.543	5.972	***
SN → WDB	社会规范→垃圾处理行为	0.043	0.787	0.431(不支持)
PB → PB2	环境设施和服务→时间花费	0.480	8.954	***(强力支持)
SN → SN1	社会规范→邻居的影响	0.574	5.846	***(强力支持)
PB → WDB	环境设施和服务→垃圾处理行为	0.119	2.246	0.025（支持）

拟合指数	卡方值（自由度）	GFI	CFI	NFI	IFI	RMSEA	AIC
修正前	365.20（74）	0.853	0.853	0.914	0.857	0.082	427.227
修正后	229.78（52）	0.914	0.933	0.952	0.926	0.076	281.757