海滨旅游度假区游客环境和气候满意度对环境恢复性感知的影响

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.03.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文旨在揭示海滨旅游度假区游客环境满意度和气候满意度对其目的地环境恢复性感知的影响,为探究环境和气候如何影响游客身心健康和恢复提供新的方向,并丰富学界对旅游情境下的环境恢复性感知的理解。本文以海滨旅游度假区为研究对象,在海南省三亚市的大东海和亚龙湾收集游客对环境恢复性的感知状况和对气候条件、环境条件的满意度评价（N=527）,并采用基于主成分的结构方程模型偏最小平方法（PLS_SEM）进行假设检验。研究发现：①环境满意度正向影响游客环境恢复性感知的5个维度（分别为：兼容、程度、心理逃离、物理远离和迷恋）;②气候满意度正向影响游客环境恢复性感知的5个维度。因此,努力提高海滨旅游度假区游客对海滨环境和气候条件的满意度,能让他们更多地体验海滨旅游度假区的身心恢复潜力,并最终有助于形成独特的竞争优势。

关键词: 环境恢复性感知, 海滨旅游度假区, 环境满意度, 气候满意度, 三亚

Abstract:

This study aimed at uncovering the influences of coastal resort vacationers’ environmental and climate satisfactions on their perceived destination restorative qualities (PDRQs), to provide a new perspective in understanding how the environment and the climate impact tourists’ mental and physical health and restoration, as well as a better understanding of PDRQs. The data were collected via a questionnaire survey in two typical coastal resorts in Sanya City, Hainan Province Dadonghai and Yalong Bay (N=527). Applying the principal component-based structural equation modeling technique of partial least squares (PLS_SEM), the results show that both vacationers’ climate satisfaction and environmental satisfaction significantly and positively influenced their PDRQs (compatibility, extent, mentally away, physically away, and fascination). Implications for the sustainable development of resort destinations are provided. Specifically, for companies and managers in coastal resort destinations, improving vacationers’ satisfaction with the environment and the climate through publicizing information on the environmental and climate conditions and protecting the natural environment would facilitate vacationers in experiencing more of the restorative qualities, and thus having a deeper mental and physical restoration. Finally, the increase of perceived destination restorative qualities would help a resort destination to strengthen its competitive edges in the tourism market.

Key words: perceived destination restorative qualities, coastal resort, environmental satisfaction, climate satisfaction, Sanya City

陈钢华, 奚望, 黄松山, 胡宪洋. 海滨旅游度假区游客环境和气候满意度对环境恢复性感知的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(3): 430-440.

Ganghua CHEN, Wang XI, Songshan HUANG, Xianyang HU. Influences of coastal resort vacationers’ environmental and climate satisfactions on their perceived destination restorative qualities[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(3): 430-440.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

表3

表4

图2

参考文献 68

[1]	Bloom J, Geurts S A, Sonnentag S, et al. How does a vacation from work affect employee health and well-being?[J]. Psychology & Health, 2011, 26(12): 1606-1622.
[2]	Sirgy M J, Kruger P S, Lee D, et al. How does a travel trip affect tourists’ life satisfaction?[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2010, 50(3): 261-275.
[3]	Chen G, Huang S S, Zhang D.Understanding Chinese vacationers' perceived destination restorative qualities: Cross-cultural validation of the perceived destination restorative qualities scale[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2017, 34(8): 1113-1115.
[4]	Kirillova K, Wang D.Smartphone (dis)connectedness and vacation recovery[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2016, 61: 157-169.
[5]	Lehto X Y.Assessing the perceived restorative qualities of vacation destinations[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2012, 52(3): 325-339.
[6]	Lehto X, Kirillova K, Li H, et al. A cross-cultural validation of the perceived destination restorative qualities scale: The Chinese perspective[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2017, 22(3): 329-343.
[7]	陈钢华, 奚望. 旅游度假区游客环境恢复性感知对满意度与游后行为意向的影响: 以广东南昆山为例[J]. 旅游科学, 2018, 32(4): 17-30.
	[Chen G H, Xi W.The impact of visitors’ perceived destination restorative qualities on satisfaction and post-tour behavioral intentions: A case study of Nankunshan[J]. Tourism Science, 2018, 32(4): 17-30.]
[8]	Xu W, Zhao J, Ye L.Culture is new nature: Comparing the restorative capacity of cultural and natural landscapes[J]. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 2018, 75(5): 847-865.
[9]	Nordh H, Hartig T, Hagerhall C M, et al. Components of small urban parks that predict the possibility for restoration[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2009, 8(4): 225-235.
[10]	Hipp J A, Ogunseitan O A.Effect of environmental conditions on perceived psychological restorativeness of coastal parks[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2011, 31(4): 421-429.
[11]	Marselle M R, Irvine K N, Lorenzo-Arribas A, et al. Does perceived restorativeness mediate the effects of perceived biodiversity and perceived naturalness on emotional well-being following group walks in nature?[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2016, 46: 217-232.
[12]	Berto R.Assessing the restorative value of the environment: A study on the elderly in comparison with young adults and adolescents[J]. International Journal of Psychology, 2007, 42(5): 331-341.
[13]	刘群阅, 陈烨, 张薇, 等. 游憩者环境偏好、恢复性评价与健康效益评估关系研究: 以福州国家森林公园为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(2): 381-391.
	[Liu Q Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, et al. Tourists’ environmental preferences, perceived restoration and perceived health at Fuzhou National Forest Park[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(2): 381-391.]
[14]	刘群阅, 尤达, 朱里莹, 等. 游憩者场所依恋与恢复性知觉关系研究: 以福州城市公园为例[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(7): 1303-1313.
	[Liu Q Y, You D, Zhu L Y, et al. The relationship between place attachment and restorative perception of tourists visiting Fuzhou urban parks[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(7): 1303-1313.]
[15]	刘群阅, 尤达, 潘明慧, 等. 游憩者场所感知与恢复性知觉关系研究: 以福州温泉公园为例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2017, 32(7): 77-88.
	[Liu Q Y, You D, Pan M H, et al. Tourist place perception and restorative perception: A case study of Fuzhou hot spring park[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017, 32(7): 77-88.]
[16]	郭永锐, 张捷, 卢韶婧, 等. 旅游者恢复性环境感知的结构模型和感知差异[J]. 旅游学刊, 2014, 29(2): 93-102.
	[Guo Y R, Zhang J, Lu S J, et al. The difference and structural model of tourist’s perceived restorative environment[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2014, 29(2): 93-102.]
[17]	Kaplan S.The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1995, 15(3): 169-182.
[18]	Doherty T J, Clayton S.The psychological impacts of global climate change[J]. American Psychologist, 2011, 66(4): 265-276.
[19]	Stokols D, Misra S, Runnerstrom M G, et al. Psychology in an age of ecological crisis: From personal angst to collective action[J]. American Psychologist, 2009, 64(3): 181-193.
[20]	White M P, Pahl S, Ashbullby K, et al. Feelings of restoration from recent nature visits[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2013, 35: 40-51.
[21]	Wilkie S, Clouston L.Environment preference and environment type congruence: Effects on perceived restoration potential and restoration outcomes[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015, 14(2): 368-376.
[22]	Scopelliti M, Giuliani M.Choosing restorative environments across the lifespan: A matter of place experience[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2004, 24(4): 423-437.
[23]	Markevych I, Schoierer J, Hartig T, et al. Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: Theoretical and methodological guidance[J]. Environmental Research, 2017, 158: 301-317.
[24]	Shi X.Factors influencing the environmental satisfaction of local residents in the coal mining area, China[J]. Social Indicators Research, 2015, 120(1): 67-77.
[25]	Pinquart M, Burmedi D.Correlates of residential satisfaction in adulthood and old age: A meta-analysis[J]. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2003, 23(1):195-222.
[26]	Kaplan R, Kaplan S.The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
[27]	Wyles K J, Pahl S, Thomas K, et al. Factors that can undermine the psychological benefits of coastal environments[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2016, 48(9): 1095-1126.
[28]	Cervinka R, Schwab M, Schönbauer R, et al. My garden-my mate? Perceived restorativeness of private gardens and its predictors[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2016, 16: 182-187.
[29]	Zhao J, Xu W, Ye L.Effects of auditory-visual combinations on perceived restorative potential of urban green space[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2018, 141: 169-177.
[30]	Pelletier L G, Legault L R, Tuson K M.The environmental satisfaction scale[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2016, 28(1): 5-26.
[31]	Sadick A, Issa M H.Occupants’ indoor environmental quality satisfaction factors as measures of school teachers’ well-being[J]. Building and Environment, 2017, 119: 99-109.
[32]	Hadavi S.Direct and indirect effects of the physical aspects of the environment on mental well-being[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2017, 49(10): 1071-1104.
[33]	Qin J, Zhou X, Sun C, et al. Influence of green spaces on environmental satisfaction and physiological status of urban residents[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2013, 12(4): 490-497.
[34]	Lin T, Matzarakis A.Tourism climate information based on human thermal perception in Taiwan and Eastern China[J]. Tourism Management, 2011, 32(3): 492-500.
[35]	Sabzevari A A, Miri M, Raziei T, et al. Evaluating the climate capabilities of the coastal areas of Southeastern Iran for tourism: A case study on port of Chabahar[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2018, 62(7): 1135-1145.
[36]	Nasrollahi N, Hatami Z, Taleghani M.Development of outdoor thermal comfort model for tourists in urban historical areas: A case study in Isfahan[J]. Building and Environment, 2017, 125: 356-372.
[37]	Bigano A, Hamilton J M, Tol R S J. The impact of climate on holiday destination choice[J]. Climatic Change, 2006, 76(3-4): 389-406.
[38]	Eugenio-Martin J L, Campos-Soria J A. Climate in the region of origin and destination choice in outbound tourism demand[J]. Tourism Management, 2010, 31(6): 744-753.
[39]	Saverimuttu V, Varua M E.Climate variability in the origin countries as a “push” factor on tourist arrivals in the Philippines[J]. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2014, 19(7): 846-857.
[40]	Goh C.Exploring impact of climate on tourism demand[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2012, 39(4): 1859-1883.
[41]	Zhang H Q, Kulendran N.The impact of climate variables on seasonal variation in Hong Kong inbound tourism demand[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2016, 56(1): 94-107.
[42]	Li H, Goh C, Hung K, et al. Relative climate index and its effect on seasonal tourism demand[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2017, 57(2): 178-192.
[43]	Briere J, Downes A, Spensley J.Summer in the city: Urban weather conditions and psychiatric emergency-room visits[J]. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1983, 92(1): 77-80.
[44]	Hartig T, Catalano R, Ong M.Cold summer weather, constrained restoration, and the use of antidepressants in Sweden[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2007, 27(2): 107-116.
[45]	Park B, Furuya K, Kasetani T, et al. Relationship between psychological responses and physical environments in forest settings[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2011, 102(1): 24-32.
[46]	Hartig T.Three Steps to Understanding Restorative Environments As Health Resources[A]. Thompson C W, Travlou P. Open Space: People Space[M]. London: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
[47]	Keller M C, Fredrickson B L, Ybarra O, et al. A warm heart and a clear head[J]. Psychological Science, 2005, 16: 724-731.
[48]	de Freitas C R, Scott D, Mcboyle G. A second generation climate index for tourism (CIT): Specification and verification[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2008, 52(5): 399-407.
[49]	Rutty M, Scott D.Bioclimatic comfort and the thermal perceptions and preferences of beach tourists[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2015, 59(1): 37-45.
[50]	Chen G, Huang S S, Bao J G.The multiple logics of tourism development in China[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2016, 24(12): 1655-1673.
[51]	顾茂彬, 陈佩珍, 姜婷婷, 等. 海南岛亚龙湾蝴蝶资源调查与开发利用研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2000, 13(3): 333-341.
	[Gu M B, Chen P Z, Jiang T T, et al. Research on survey and exploitation of butterfly resources in Yalongwan, Hainan Island[J]. Forest Research, 2000, 13(3): 333-341.]
[52]	Hair J F, Sarstedt M, Ringle C M, et al. An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research[J]. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2012, 40(3): 414-433.
[53]	萧文龙. 统计分析入门与应用: SPSS中文版+SmartPLS 3(PLS_SEM)[M]. 台北: 碁峰资讯股份有限公司, 2016.
	[Xiao W L.Statistical Analysis: SPSS Chinese Edition and SmartPLS 3 (PLS_SEM)[M]. Taipei: Gotop Information Inc, 2016.]
[54]	Hair J F, Ringle C M, Sarstedt M.PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet[J]. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 2011, 19(2): 139-152.
[55]	Gefen D, Rigdon E E, Straub D W. An update and extension to SEM guidelines for administrative and social science research[J]. Mis Quarterly, 2011, 35(2): III-XII.
[56]	Hair J F, Black W C, Babin B J, et al.Multivariate Data Analysis (the 7th Edition) [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2011.
[57]	Bagozzi R P, Yi Y.On the evaluation of structural equation models[J]. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 1988, 16(1): 74-94.
[58]	Fornell C, Larcker D F.Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error[J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1981, 18(1): 39-50.
[59]	Chin W W.The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling[A]. Marcoulides G A. Modern Methods for Business Research[M]. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 1998.
[60]	Tenenhaus M, Vinzi V E, Chatelin Y, et al. PLS path modeling[J]. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2005, 48(1): 159-205.
[61]	Wetzels M, Odekerken-Schröder G, Oppen C V.Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration[J]. Mis Quarterly, 2009, 33(1): 177-195.
[62]	Dzhambov A M, Markevych I, Hartig T, et al. Multiple pathways link urban green- and bluespace to mental health in young adults[J]. Environmental Research, 2018, 166: 223-233.
[63]	冯宁宁, 崔丽娟. 城市环境质量对居民地方依恋的预测: 恢复性体验的中介作用[R]. 天津: 第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集: 心理学与社会发展, 2015.
	[Feng N N, Cui L J.Perceived Restoration as the Mediator of the Relationship between the Perceived Urban Environment Quality and Place Attachment[R]. Tianjin: Abstracts of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology-Psychology and Social Development, 2015.]
[64]	Thorsson S, Honjo T, Lindberg F, et al. Thermal comfort and outdoor activity in Japanese urban public places[J]. Environment & Behavior, 2007, 39(5): 660-684.
[65]	Zacharias J, Stathopoulos T, Wu H.Spatial behavior in San Francisco’s Plazas the effects of microclimate, other people, and environmental design[J]. Environment & Behavior, 2004, 36(5): 638-658.
[66]	Rutty M, Scott D.Bioclimatic comfort and the thermal perceptions and preferences of beach tourists[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2015, 59(1): 37-45.
[67]	Spagnolo J, Dear R D.A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia[J]. Building & Environment, 2003, 38(5): 721-738.
[68]	Nikolopoulou M, Lykoudis S.Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: Analysis across different European countries[J]. Building & Environment, 2006, 41(11): 1455-1470.

变量	分类	频率（百分比）	变量	分类	频率（百分比）
性别	男	197（37.4%）	三亚度假次数	1	344（66.3%）
	女	330（62.6%）		2	98（18.9%）
年龄/岁	≤20	15（2.8%）		3~5	61（11.7%）
	21~35	354（67.2%）		≥6	18（3.2%）
	36~50	88（16.7%）	在三亚停留天数	1~2	20（3.9%）
	51~64	56（10.6%）		3~5	247（45.0%）
	≥65	14（2.7%）		6~9	179（34.4%）
文化程度	初中及以下	19（3.6%）		≥10	75（16.5%）
	高中或中专	101（19.2%）	在度假区停留天数	0	27（5.2%）
	大专	139（26.4%）		1~2	210（40.2%）
	本科	236（45.4%）		3~5	202（38.7%）
	研究生以上	29（5.5%）		6~9	50（9.6%）
家庭收入/（元/月）	≤3000	39（7.4%）		≥10	33（6.3%）
	3001~4500	117（22.2%）	旅行方式**	独自出行	56（9.9%）
	4501~6000	92（17.5%）		和家人一起	326（57.7%）
	6001~7500	57（10.8%）		和朋友一起	163（28.8%）
	7501~10000	83（15.7%）		单位出游	13（2.3%）
	10001~15000	82（15.6%）		旅行社组织	7（1.2%）
	≥15001元	57（10.8%）	常住地	华东地区	95（18.1%）
职业	企业职工	167（31.7%）		华南地区	42（8.0%）
	个体工商户	139（26.4%）		西南地区	98（18.7%）
	学生	39（7.4%）		西北地区	48（9.2%）
	政府、事业单位职工	100（19.0%）		华北地区	123（23.3%）
	其他	82（15.6%）		华中地区	42（8.0%）
在度假区*度假次数	1	346（66.9%）		东北地区	76（14.4%）
	2	97（18.8%）
	3~5	56（10.8%）
	≥6	18（3.6%）

潜变量	观察变量	因子载荷（>0.7）	组合信度（>0.7）	AVE值（>0.5）	克朗巴哈系数（>0.6）	R² （>0.1）
兼容	C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9	0.658 0.674 0.712 0.773 0.784 0.777 0.782 0.767 0.716	0.915	0.547	0.896	0.336
程度	E1 E2 E3 E4 E5	0.868 0.884 0.858 0.853 0.816	0.932	0.733	0.909	0.196
心理逃离	F1 F2 F3 F4	0.783 0.887 0.908 0.850	0.918	0.736	0.879	0.217
物理远离	M1 M2 M3	0.890 0.911 0.897	0.927	0.809	0.882	0.183
迷恋	P1 P2 P3 P4 P5	0.856 0.859 0.858 0.883 0.894	0.940	0.757	0.920	0.227
环境满意度	ES1 ES2 ES3	0.760 0.840 0.850	0.858	0.668	0.751	——
气候满意度	CS1 CS2	0.872 0.900	0.879	0.785	0.727	——

	兼容	心理逃离	气候满意度	物理远离	环境满意度	程度	迷恋
兼容	0.740
心理逃离	0.692	0.858
气候满意度	0.517	0.425	0.886
物理远离	0.615	0.790	0.405	0.899
环境满意度	0.521	0.407	0.602	0.353	0.817
程度	0.708	0.605	0.367	0.466	0.418	0.856
迷恋	0.682	0.703	0.432	0.666	0.420	0.684	0.870

假设路径关系	具体路径关系	路径系数	T值	是否支持
H1：环境满意度—环境恢复性感知	环境满意度—兼容	0.329	8.057**	支持
	环境满意度—程度	0.309	6.399**	支持
	环境满意度—心理逃离	0.237	4.819**	支持
	环境满意度—物理远离	0.172	3.592**	支持
	环境满意度—迷恋	0.252	5.244**	支持
H2：气候满意度—环境恢复性感知	气候满意度—兼容	0.319	7.357**	支持
	气候满意度—程度	0.181	6.399**	支持
	气候满意度—心理逃离	0.282	5.476**	支持
	气候满意度—物理远离	0.302	6.039**	支持
	气候满意度—迷恋	0.280	5.486**	支持