智能制造关键新材料创新突破的研究框架与主要议题

doi:10.18402/resci.2019.01.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在新一轮科技革命与产业变革的背景下,智能制造成为中国制造业发展的主攻方向。然而,关键新材料发展滞后,成为中国制造业转型升级的硬约束。如何促进智能制造关键新材料创新突破成为中国亟待解决的现实问题。本文从智能制造关键新材料“高技术不确定性”与“高市场不确定性”的两大特征出发,提出智能制造关键新材料的创新突破需紧扣技术创新与商业化应用两大关键问题,未来需加强智能制造关键新材料创新突破的规律及趋势、技术创新突破路径、商业化应用模式以及战略与政策等议题的研究。

关键词: 智能制造, 关键新材料, 创新发展, 主要议题

Abstract:

With the next science and technology revolution and the industrial transformation background, intelligent manufacturing has become the mainly focused development trend of China's manufacturing industry. However, the lagging development of advanced materials has restricted China’s manufacturing industry structure adjustment and upgrading transition process. It has recently become an urgent concern to promoting development of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing. Previous studies mainly focused on the innovation evolution, technological innovation, commercialization, national policies of advanced materials; little attention was paid to the identification of the strategy and development direction of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing. Based on advanced materials intrinsic characteristics of technology uncertainty and market uncertainty, this study argues that the development of advanced materials is determined by its technological innovation capacity and commercial capability. Thus, to promote the breakthrough development of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing, we should clearly characterize the following basic problems: "how to recognize the law of innovation of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing and grasp the trend of advanced materials innovation " and "how to identify the strategic intervention link of promoting breakthrough development of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing and construct the national strategy system of promoting breakthrough development of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing." According to the two basic problems, we suggest that future research on advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing should focus on development rules and trend, technological innovation breakthrough path, commercialization mode, strategies and polices. This study can provides a theoretical and policy support for the industrial development of China's advanced materials and realization of the strategic goal of manufacturing power.

Key words: intelligent manufacturing, advanced materials, innovation development, basic issues

王昶, 耿红军, 宋慧玲, 孙桥, 卢锋华. 智能制造关键新材料创新突破的研究框架与主要议题[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(1): 53-62.

Chang WANG, Hongjun GENG, Huiling SONG, Qiao SUN, Fenghua LU. Framework and basic issues of promoting development of advanced materials for intelligent manufacturing[J]. Resources Science, 2019, 41(1): 53-62.

图/表 5

表1

图1

表2

表3

图2

参考文献 30

[1]	黄群慧. 改革开放40年中国的产业发展与工业化进程[J]. 中国工业经济, 2018, (9): 5-23.
	[Huang Q H.China’s industrial development and industrialization process during the 40 years of reform and opening-up[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2018, (9): 5-23. ]
[2]	Li L.China's manufacturing locus in 2025: with a comparison of “Made-in-China 2025” and “Industry 4. 0”[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2018, 135: 66-74.
[3]	马琳, 商龚平. “中国制造2025”对材料提出新要求[J]. 新材料产业, 2015, (7): 11-13.
	[Ma L, Shang G P."Made in China 2025" puts forward new requirements for materials[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2015, (7): 11-13. ]
[4]	Zhong R Y, Xu X, Klotz E, et al. Intelligent manufacturing in the context of industry 4. 0: a review[J]. Engineering, 2017, 3(5): 616-630.
[5]	中国国务院. 关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定 [EB/OL]. (2010-10-18)[2018-11-15]. .
	[ The State Council. Decision on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries [EB/OL]. (2010-10-18)[2018-11-15]. ]
[6]	中国国务院. 十三五国家战略性新兴产业发展规划 [EB/OL]. (2016-12-20)[2018-11-15]. .
	[The State Council. China's 13th Five-year Plan for the Development of Strategic Emerging in Dustries [EB/OL]. (2016-12-20)[2018-11-15]. ]
[7]	屠海令, 张世荣, 李腾飞. 我国新材料产业发展战略研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2016, 18(4): 90-100.
	[Tu H L, Zhang S R, Li T F.Research on development strategies for China’s advanced materials industry[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2016, 18(4): 90-100. ]
[8]	Pierce R S, Falzon B G.Simulating resin infusion through textile reinforcement materials for the manufacture of complex composite structures[J]. Engineering, 2017, 3(5): 596-607.
[9]	师昌绪. 关于构建我国“新材料产业体系”的思考[J]. 工程研究, 2013, 5(1): 5-11.
	[Shi C X.Reflections on the construction of China’s “new material industry system”[J]. Journal of Engineering Studies, 2013, 5(1): 5-11. ]
[10]	贾根良. 第三次工业革命与工业智能化[J]. 中国社会科学, 2016, (6): 87-106.
	[Jia G L.The third industrial revolution and industrial intelligence[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2016, (6): 87-106. ]
[11]	Jan F.Mobilizing innovation for sustainability transitions: a comment on transformative innovation policy[J]. Research Policy, 2018, (7): 1-9.
[12]	孙晓霞. 新材料为机器人产业强体筑基[J]. 新材料产业, 2016, (7): 1-4.
	[Sun X X.The new materials build the foundation for the strong body of the robot industry[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2016, (7): 1-4. ]
[13]	Negro S O, Hekkert M P, Smits R E.Stimulating renewable energy technologies by innovation policy[J]. Science and Public Policy, 2008, 35(6): 403-416.
[14]	Lee K, Ki J H.Rise of latecomers and catch-up cycles in the world steel industry[J]. Research Policy, 2017, 46(2): 365-375.
[15]	Binz C, Truffer B.Global innovation systems-a conceptual framework for innovation dynamics in transnational contexts[J]. Research Policy, 2017, 46(7): 1284-1298.
[16]	屠海令, 李腾飞, 马飞. 我国关键基础材料发展现状及展望[J]. 中国工程科学, 2017, 19(3): 125-135.
	[Tu H L, Li T F, Ma F.The development status and prospect of China’s critical basic materials[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2017, 19(3): 125-135. ]
[17]	蔡柏奇, 曾昆. 美国新材料产业科技政策演变及启示[J]. 新材料产业, 2014, (3): 29-32.
	[Cai B Q, Zeng K.Evolution and enlightenment of science and technology policy of new material industry in the United States[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2014, (3): 29-32. ]
[18]	朱宏康, 谷宾, 刘书惠. 国际新材料政策与计划研究[J]. 中国材料进展, 2015, 34(4): 326-329.
	[Zhu H K, Gu B, Liu S H.Research on international new materials policy[J]. Materials China, 2015, 34(4): 326-329. ]
[19]	Li H X, Si H.Control for intelligent manufacturing: a multiscale challenge[J]. Engineering, 2017, 3(5): 608-615.
[20]	Park S.The puzzle of graphene commercialization[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2016, DOI: 10. 1038/natrevmats. 2016. 85.
[21]	Lubik S, Garnsey E, Minshall T.Evolving Toward an Ecosystem Perspective: Market Strategies for Science-Based Ventures[C]. University of Cambridge Centre for Technology Management Working Paper Series, 2013.
[22]	Cao C, Appelbaum R P, Parker R.“Research is high and the market is far away”: commercialization of nanotechnology in China[J]. Technology in Society, 2013, 35(1): 55-64.
[23]	Maine E, Seegopaul P.Accelerating advanced-materials commercialization[J]. Nature Materials, 2016, 15(5): 487-491.
[24]	中国国务院. 中国制造2025 [EB/OL]. (2015-05-08)[2018-11-15]..
	[ The State Council. Made in China 2015[EB/OL]. (2015-05-08)[2018-11-15]. ]
[25]	中国工信部和财政部. 智能制造发展规划(2016-2020年)[EB/OL]. (2016-12-08)[2018-11-15]. .
	[Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Ministry of Finance. Intelligent Manufacturing Development Planning (2016-2020) [EB/OL]. (2016-12-08)[2018-11-15]. .]
[26]	中国国家制造强国建设战略咨询委员. 中国制造2025重点领域技术路线图[EB/OL]. (2015-09-30)[2018-11-15]. .
	[China National Manufacturing Power Construction Strategy Advisory Committee. Made in China 2025 Technology Roadmap For Key Areas [EB/OL]. (2015-09-30)[2018-11-15]. ]
[27]	中国工信部, 发改委, 科技部, 等. 新材料产业发展指南[EB/OL]. (2017-01-23)[2018-11-15]. .
	[ Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Science and Technology, et al. Guide to the Development of New Materials Industry[EB/OL]. (2017-01-23)[2018-11-15]. ]
[28]	汪晓春, 李京文, 金碚. 新材料产业现状与发展前景[M]. 广州: 广东经济出版社, 2015.
	[Wang X C, Li J W, Jin P.Present Situation and Development Prospect of New Material Industry[M]. Guangzhou: Guangdong Economic Press, 2015. ]
[29]	Guan J, Liu N.Exploitative and exploratory innovations in knowledge network and collaboration network: a patent analysis in the technological field of nano-energy[J]. Research Policy, 2016, 45(1): 97-112.
[30]	De Noni I, Orsi L, Belussi F.The role of collaborative networks in supporting the innovation performances of lagging-behind European regions[J]. Research Policy, 2018, 47(1): 1-13.

技术类别	发展时间/年	研发开销/万美元	商业化开销/万美元	技术不确定性	市场不确定性
新材料	5~15	200~2 000	5 000~50 000	高	高
生物科技	10~15	500~1 000	30 000~90 000	非常高	中
软件技术	0~2	0~300	100~1 000	低	中

	先进基础材料	关键战略材料	前沿新材料
定义	发展中国制造业所需的量大面广、关系国计民生以及一些高端装备所需的新材料	对保障中国国防实力、经济社会全局和长远发展有重大引领作用的新材料	新出现或正在发展中的、具有传统材料所不具有的优异性能的材料
种类	主要包括基础零部件用钢、高性能海工用钢等先进钢铁材料,高强铝合金、高强韧钛合金、镁合金等先进有色金属材料,高端聚烯烃、特种合成橡胶等先进化工材料,先进建筑材料、先进轻纺材料等	主要包括高端装备用特种合金,高性能分离膜材料,高性能纤维及复合材料,稀土功能材料,宽禁带半导体材料和新型显示材料以及新型能源材料、生物医用材料等	主要包括石墨烯、金属及高分子增材制造材料,形状记忆合金、自修复材料、智能仿生与超材料,液态金属、新型低温超导及低成本高温超导材料等
特点	量大面广,一材多用	价值高、应用领域关键	集多种优异性能于一体、市场前景巨大
存在问题	有材不好用	无材可用或有材不敢用	无材可用
战略任务	技术赶超加强高端化应用构筑竞争优势	技术赶超实现产业化构筑生态优势	技术领先实现技术转化构筑知识优势

关键新材料类别	新一代信息技术产业	高档数控机床和机器人	航空航天装备	先进轨道交通装备	节能与新能源汽车	海洋工程装备及高技术船舶	生物医药及高性能医疗器械	电力装备	农机装备
先进基础材料
先进钢铁材料		√	√	√	√	√		√	√
先进有色金属材料		√	√		√			√
先进石化材料	√		√	√	√
先进建筑材料			√		√
先进轻轻纺材料					√	√
关键战略材料
高端装备用特种合金			√		√	√		√	√
高性能分离膜材料					√	√
高性能纤维及复合材料			√	√	√	√
新型能源材料					√
新一代生物医用材料							√
电子陶瓷和人工晶体	√							√
稀土功能材料		√		√	√		√	√
先进半导体材料	√				√			√
新型显示材料	√						√
前沿新材料
3D打印用材料			√		√		√
超导材料								√
智能仿生与超材料	√	√					√
石墨烯材料	√				√	√