1900年以来贝加尔湖水位变化及其原因分析

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.11.04

资源科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 2177-2186.doi: 10.18402/resci.2018.11.04

• 专栏：中蒙俄经济走廊资源研究 • 上一篇下一篇

1900年以来贝加尔湖水位变化及其原因分析

王冠^1,²(), 王平¹(), 王田野^1,², 李泽红^2,³, 于静洁^1,², 刘昌明¹, BolgovM.V.^4,⁵

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源利用与环境修复重点实验室,北京 100101
4. 俄罗斯科学院水问题研究所,莫斯科 119333
5. 罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科国立大学陆地水文系,莫斯科 119991

收稿日期:2018-04-27 修回日期:2018-10-09 出版日期:2018-11-20 发布日期:2018-11-12
作者简介:
作者简介：王冠,女,河南新乡人,博士生,主要从事生态水文研究。E-mail: wangg.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家科技基础资源调查专项子课题(2017FY101302, 2017FY101301);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(No. XDA2003020101);中国科学院重点部署项目（ZDRW-ZS-2017-4）

The variation of Lake Baikal water level and causal analysis since 1900

Guan WANG^1,²(), Ping WANG¹(), Tianye WANG^1,², Zehong LI^2,³, Jingjie YU^1,², Changming LIU¹, M. V. Bolgov^4,⁵

1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Key Laboratory for Resource Use and Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
4. Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
5. Department of Land Hydrology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119911, Russia

Received:2018-04-27 Revised:2018-10-09 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-11-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水位变化作为湖泊水文过程和水量平衡的动态反映,是湖泊生态环境的重要影响因素。全球最大的淡水湖——贝加尔湖,在自然变化与人为活动的双重影响下,过去100多年水位表现出较大的年内、年际和多年变化。贝加尔湖水位变化与入湖径流量变化密切相关,与贝加尔湖最大支流色楞格河的径流量变化较为一致。气候变暖带来的气温上升和降水减少使得入湖径流量减少,贝加尔湖水位下降。人类活动对贝加尔湖水位变化影响表现在两个方面：一方面,全球变暖条件下耕地面积扩张和灌溉用水增加导致贝加尔湖流域用水增加,使得入湖径流量减少,贝加尔湖水位下降;另一方面,1958年伊尔库茨克水电站投入运营之后,贝加尔湖水位变化受到了安加拉河水位顶托的影响。在下游水电站人为调控影响下,贝加尔湖年平均水位升高,年内水位波动幅度增加,年最低和最高水位出现日期推迟。地处全球气候与环境变化敏感区的贝加尔湖,其水位变化对湖泊及周边生态环境影响显著。因此,探究在全球变化背景下贝加尔湖的水位变化及影响因素对保护当地生态环境具有重要意义。

关键词: 贝加尔湖, 水位, 气候变化, 伊尔库茨克水电站

Abstract:

Water level change is an important factor that influences the lake's environment, which is considered to be a dynamic reflection of its hydrological processes and water balance. Over the past 100 years, the water level in the Lake Baikal, the largest freshwater lake in the world, has exhibited a large annual, inter-annual, and multi-year variations under the dual stress of natural changes and human activities. The water level change of the Lake Baikal is highly associated with runoff variation into the lake, which is consistent with the runoff variation of the Selenga River, the largest tributary of the Lake Baikal. The increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation caused by climate warming reduced the inflow to the Lake Baikal, causing the decline in the lake’s water level. The influence of human activities on the changes of water level in the Lake Baikal is manifested in two aspects. First, agricultural expansion under the global warming and associated increasing water consumption by irrigation has led to an increasing water consumption, reducing the surface water flow into the lake and declining the water level of the Lake Baikal. Second, water level change is affected by jacking of the Angara River after operating the Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station. Under the human control of the downstream hydropower station, the water level distribution asymmetry increases annually, the amplitude of water level fluctuation increases seasonally, and the date of annual minimum and the highest water level is delayed. The level change of the Lake Baikal, which is located in the sensitive region of global climate and environmental change, has a significant impact on the ecological environment of the lake and its surrounding area. Therefore, the research on the water level change in the Lake Baikal and its influencing factors has an important significance for protecting the local environment in the context of global change.

Key words: Lake Baikal, water level, climate change, Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station

王冠, 王平, 王田野, 李泽红, 于静洁, 刘昌明, BolgovM.V.. 1900年以来贝加尔湖水位变化及其原因分析[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(11): 2177-2186.

Guan WANG, Ping WANG, Tianye WANG, Zehong LI, Jingjie YU, Changming LIU, M. V. Bolgov. The variation of Lake Baikal water level and causal analysis since 1900[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(11): 2177-2186.

图/表 5

参考文献 39

[1]	郑佳佳. 基于多源卫星数据的中亚地区湖泊水量变化监测研究[D]. 南京: 南京大学, 2017.
	[Zheng J J.Monitoring and Analysis of Lake Water Storage Changes in Central Asia Using Multi-mission Satellite Data[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2017. ]
[2]	柯长青. 湖泊遥感研究进展[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2004, (4): 81-86.
	[Ke C Q.A review of monitoring lake environment change by means of remote sensing[J]. Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology, 2004, (4): 81-86. ]
[3]	张鑫, 吴艳红, 张鑫. 1972-2012年青藏高原中南部内陆湖泊的水位变化[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(7): 993-1001.
	[Zhang X, Wu Y H, Zhang X.Water level variation of inland lakes on the south-central Tibetan Plateau in 1972-2012[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(7): 993-1001. ]
[4]	Li X Y, Xu H Y, Sun Y L, et al. Lake-level change and water balance analysis at Lake Qinghai, West China during recent decades[J]. Water Resources Management, 2007, 21(9): 1505-1516.
[5]	王润, Giese Ernst, 高前兆. 近期博斯腾湖水位变化及其原因分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2003, 25(1): 60-64.
	[Wang R, Giese E, Gao Q Z.The recent change of water level in the Bosten Lake and analysis of its causes[J]. Sensing Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2003, 25(1): 60-64. ]
[6]	王鹏, 赖格英, 黄小兰. 鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程对湖泊水位变化影响的模拟[J]. 湖泊科学, 2014, 26(1): 29-36.
	[Wang P, Lai G Y, Huang X L.Simulation of the impact of Lake Poyang Project on the dynamic of lake water level[J]. Journal of Lake Science, 2014, 26(1): 29-36]
[7]	Синюкович В Н, Сизова Л Н, Шимараев М Н, et al. Особенности современных изменений притока воды в озеро Байкал[J]. География И Природные Ресурсы, 2013, 4: 57-63.
[8]	Urabe A, Tateishi M, Inouchi Y, et al. Lake-level changes during the past 100, 000 years at Lake Baikal, southern Siberia[J]. Quaternary Research, 2004, 62(2): 214-222.
[9]	Dabaeva D B, Tsydypov B Z, Ayurzhanaev A A, et al. Peculiarities of Lake Baikal water level regime[J]. Iop Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016, 48(1): 1-10.
[10]	Malsy M, Flörke M, Borchardt D.What drives the water quality changes in the Selenga Basin: climate change or socio-economic development?[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2017, (7): 1977-1981.
[11]	Minderlein S, Menzel L.Evapotranspiration and energy balance dynamics of a semi-arid mountainous steppe and shrubland site in Northern Mongolia[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 73(2): 1-17.
[12]	Karthe D, Malsy M, Kopp B J, et al. Assessing water availability and drivers in the context of an integrated water resources management (IWRM): a case study from the Kharaa river basin, Mongolia[J]. Open-File Report, 2013, 34(1-2): 5-26.
[13]	Priess J A, Schweitzer C, Wimmer F, et al. The consequences of land-use change and water demands in Central Mongolia[J]. Land Use Policy, 2011, 28(1): 4-10.
[14]	Выручалкина Т Ю. Байкал и Ангара до и после создания водохранилищ[J]. Водные Pесурсы, 2004, 31(5): 526-532.
[15]	Болгов М В, Бубер A J, Коробкина E A, et al. Озеро байкал: Экстремальные уровни как редкое гидрологическое событие[J]. Водные Pесурсы, 2017, 44(3): 392-406.
[16]	Асламов И А, Козлов В В, Кириллин Г Б, et al. сследование теплового потока и структуры подледного слоя воды на границе со льдом в южном Байкале[J]. Водные Pесурсы, 2017, 44(3): 296-310.
[17]	Овчинникова Т Э, Бочаров О Б. Численное моделирование водообменных процессов в озере Байкал[J]. Водные ресурсы, 2017, 44(3): 322-331.
[18]	Törnqvist R, Jarsjö J, Pietroń J, et al. Evolution of the hydro-climate system in the Lake Baikal basin[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 519(11): 1953-1962.
[19]	Морейдо В М, Калугин A C. Оценка возможных изменений водного режима реки Селенги в xxi в. На основе модели формирования стока[J]. Водные Pесурсы, 2017, 44(3): 275-284.
[20]	Добровольский С Г. Межгодовые и многолетние изменения речного стока в водосборном бассейне Байкала[J]. Водные Ресурсы, 2017, 44(3): 231-242.
[21]	Бережных Т В, Марченко О Ю, Абасов Н В, et al. Изменение летней циркуляции атмосферы над Восточной Азией и формирование длительных маловодных периодов в бассейне реки Селенги[J]. География И Природные Ресурсы, 2012, 3: 61-68.
[22]	Синюкович В Н, Чернышов М С. О трансформации расчетных характеристик годового и максимального стока главных притоков оз. Байкал[J]. Водные Pесурсы, 2017, 44(3): 256-263.
[23]	孔庆东, 谢春瑰. 俄罗斯东西伯利亚电力系统简介[J]. 华北电力技术, 1999, (7): 29-33.
	[Kong Q D, Xie C G.Brief introduction on East Siberia electric power system of Russia[J]. North China Electric Power, 1999, (7): 29-33. ]
[24]	Фролов А В, Выручалкина Т Ю. Динамико-стохастическое моделирование многолетних колебаний уровня озера Байкал и стока реки Ангары[J]. Водные Pесурсы, 2017, 44(3): 264-274.
[25]	李静, 岳建平, 梁子亮. Jason-2卫星波形重定技术在研究贝加尔湖水位中的应用[J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(2): 163-166.
	[Li J, Yue J P, Liang Z L.Application of Jason-2 waveform retracking method to investigation of water level of Lake Baikal[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences), 2015, 43(2): 163-166. ]
[26]	杨小东, 施颢, 甄宗坤. 利用卫星测高监测贝加尔湖湖面高变化[J]. 现代测绘, 2014, 37(2): 62-64.
	[Yang X D, Shi H, Zhen Z K.Monitoring of water level variations of lake Baikal by altimetry[J]. Modern Surveying and Mapping, 2014, 37(2): 62-64. ]
[27]	Бычков И В, Никитин В М. Регулирование уровня озера Байкал: Проблемы и возможные решения[J]. География И Природные Ресурсы, 2015, 36(3): 5-16.
[28]	Латышева И В, Синюкович В Н, Чумакова Е В. Современные особенности гидрометеорологического ре-жима южного побережья оз. Байкал[J]. Изв. Иркут Ун-Та (Науки О Земле), 2009, 2(2): 117-133.
[29]	Шимараев М Н, Куимова Л Н, Синюкович В Н, et al. О проявлении на Байкале глобальных изменений климата в ХХ столетии[J]. Докл. РАН, 2002, 383(3): 397-400.
[30]	Hampton S E, Izmest'Eva L R, Moore M V, et al. Sixty years of environmental change in the world's largest freshwater lake-Lake Baikal, Siberia[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14(8): 1947-1958.
[31]	Magnuson J J, Robertson D M, Benson B J, et al. Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere[J]. Science, 2000, 289(5485): 1743-1746.
[32]	Moore M V, Hampton S E, Izmest'Eva L R, et al. Climate change and the world's “Sacred Sea”-Lake Baikal, Siberia[J]. Bioscience, 2009, 59(5): 405-417.
[33]	董磊华, 熊立华, 于坤霞, 等. 气候变化与人类活动对水文影响的研究进展[J]. 水科学进展, 2012, 23(2): 278-285.
	[Dong L H, Xiong L H, Yu K X, et al. Research advances in effects of climate change and human activities on hydrology[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2012, 23(2): 278-285. ]
[34]	Karthe D, Heldt S, Houdret A, et al. IWRM in a country under rapid transition: lessons learnt from the Kharaa River Basin, Mongolia[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 73(2): 681-695.
[35]	Сутырина Е Н, Реакция Стока Р. Селенги на изменение интенсивности осадков и состояния водосборного бассейна[J]. Изв. Иркут Ун-Та (Науки О Земле), 2015, 13: 120-130.
[36]	Karthe D, Chalov S, Moreido V, et al. Assessment of runoff, water and sediment quality in the Selenga River basin aided by a web-based geoservice[J]. Water Resources, 2017, 44(3): 399-416.
[37]	Batsukh N, Dorjsuren D, Batsaikan G. The Water Resources, Use and Conservation in Mongolia[R]. Ulaanbaatar: First National Report, 2008.
[38]	Атутов А А, Пронин Н М, Тулохонов А К, et al. Гидроэнергетика И Состояние Экосистемы Озера Байкал[M]. Новосибирск: Издательство СО РАН, 1999.
[39]	Абасов Н В, Болгов M B, Никитин B M, et al. О регулировании уроненного режима озера Байкал[J]. Водные ресурсы, 2017, 44(3): 407-416.

1900年以来贝加尔湖水位变化及其原因分析

The variation of Lake Baikal water level and causal analysis since 1900

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 39

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	方琰, DanielScott, RobertSteiger, 吴必虎, 蒋依依. 气候变化背景下人工造雪技术提升对中国滑雪季节长度的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(6): 1210-1222.
[2]	郭梦瑶, 佘敦先, 张利平, 汤柔馨, 赵鹏雁. 渭河流域潜在蒸散量变化的气候归因[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(5): 907-919.
[3]	王冠, 陈涵如, 王平, 王田野, 于静洁, 刘昌明, 杨林生. 俄罗斯环北极地区地表径流变化及其原因[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(2): 346-357.
[4]	姜瑞雪, 韩冬梅, 宋献方, 杨丽虎, 李炳华. 再生水补给河道周边水体特征——以北京潮白河顺义段为例[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(12): 2419-2433.
[5]	黄其威, 刘诗奇, 王平, 王田野, 于静洁, 陈晓龙, 杨林生. 1936—2018年环北极典型流域气温与降水时空变化[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(11): 2119-2131.
[6]	郑景云, 文彦君, 方修琦. 过去2000年黄河中下游气候与土地覆被变化的若干特征[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(1): 3-19.
[7]	冯琳, 庞玉亭, 钟琪, 张斌斌, 陈哲祺, 王铜. 1980—2016年气候变化对湖南省农业产量的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2019, 41(3): 582-590.
[8]	常丽博, 骆耀峰, 刘金龙. 哈尼族社会-生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性评估——以云南省红河州哈尼族农村社区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(9): 1787-1799.
[9]	向燕芸, 陈亚宁, 张齐飞, 卞薇. 天山开都河流域积雪、径流变化及影响因子分析[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(9): 1855-1865.
[10]	张荣荣, 宁晓菊, 秦耀辰, 赵凯娜, 李永贺. 1980年以来河南省主要粮食作物产量对气候变化的敏感性分析[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(1): 137-149.
[11]	曹永强, 李维佳, 赵博雅. 气候变化下辽西北春玉米生育期需水量研究[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(1): 150-160.
[12]	王兴, 赵鑫, 王钰乔, 薛建福, 张海林. 中国水稻生产的碳足迹分析[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(4): 713-722.
[13]	宋梦美, 安萍莉, 江丽, 蔡璐佳, 张哲, 黄灿. 1993-2013年吉林省主粮作物种植布局及其水热资源利用效率评估[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(3): 501-512.
[14]	刘磊, 李小雁, 蒋志云, 魏俊奇, 南木甲. 青海湖流域不同海拔高度土壤水分时空变化特征[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(2): 263-275.
[15]	张煦庭, 潘学标, 徐琳, 魏培, 胡琦, 尹紫薇, 邵长秀. 中国温带地区不同界限温度下农业热量资源的时空演变[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(11): 2104-2115.