海洋牧场蓝色碳汇定价研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.09.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2020年,中国将建成一批国家级海洋牧场示范区。本文重点选择海洋牧场蓝色碳汇功能,阐述了蓝色碳汇定价的理论和现实依据。在分析了影响蓝色碳汇成本收益的各个因素的基础上,提出蓝色碳汇价格的测算思路,构建蓝色碳汇成本收益定价模型。以桑沟湾特定面积海域的栉孔扇贝养殖为例,分别对用于海洋牧场生产方式得到的蓝色碳汇总净收益现值和用于其他渔业生产方式得到的总净收益现值进行计算,得出海洋牧场蓝色碳汇交易价格为253元/t。研究表明,海洋牧场蓝色碳汇有巨大的经济、生态价值,中国须构建完善的海洋牧场蓝色碳汇交易市场,以期最大限度实现海洋碳汇功能,修复水域生态环境,筑牢海洋生态安全屏障。

关键词: 海洋牧场, 蓝色碳汇, 成本收益, 碳汇定价

Abstract:

The 21st century is the century of the sea. According to the notice of the Ministry of Agriculture, China will build a number of state-level marine ranch demonstration areas in 2020. Focused on the blue carbon sink function of marine pasture, this paper elaborates the theoretical and realistic basis for the pricing of blue carbon sinks. The factors affecting the cost and benefit of blue carbon sink are identified as seafood categories, cultivation periods, and so on. This paper put forward the calculation idea of the blue carbon sink exchange price and constructs the cost and benefit pricing model of the blue carbon sink in marine ranching. Taking the aquaculture of Chlamys Farreri in the specific area of Sanggou Bay as an example, the present value of the total net income of the blue carbon sequestration obtained from marine ranch production and the present value of the total net income from other forms of fishery production were further calculated respectively. The trading price of the marine ranches’ blue carbon sinks is 253 yuan per ton. Marine ranches can not only realize the economic development of ocean, but also improve the water environment. The blue carbon sink of marine ranch is becoming more and more important. Our results show that the blue carbon sinks of marine pastures have a huge economic and ecological value. In order to maximize the function of marine carbon sinks, repair the ecological environment of the water sea, establish a marine ecological security barrier, and build a marine ecological civilization, it is necessary for China to construct a perfect blue carbon sink exchange trading market for marine pastures.

Key words: marine ranch, blue carbon sink, cost and benefit, carbon sink pricing

沈金生, 梁瑞芳. 海洋牧场蓝色碳汇定价研究[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(9): 1812-1821.

Jinsheng SHEN, Ruifang LIANG. Study on the blue carbon sink pricing of marine ranch[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(9): 1812-1821.

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	面积 /m²	养殖笼数 /笼	每笼层数 /（层/笼）	每层个数 /（个/层）	总个数 /万
浅水区	1 600	400	8	30	9.6
深水区	1 600	400	15	30	18.0

项目	单价/（元/m²）	金额/元
固定资产
承包费	0.015	49.42
船只	0.011	35.50
建设费	0.038	123.90
建筑物成本折旧	2.100	672.00
设备折旧	1.800	576.00
修坝费	0.022	70.40
养殖成本
种苗费	0.345	1 104.00
药物费	0.004	15.40
饵料费	1.765	564.80
增殖放流费	0.045	135.32
人工费/（元/m²·月）	0.458	1 465.60
总计	4 812.34

项目		成本
建设成本	海域使用费	40.00
	建筑物折旧成本	672.00
	投放人工鱼礁成本	7 600.00
	构建藻场、海底改造等成本	180.00
	合计	8 492.00
养殖成本	苗种成本	1 104.00
	劳动力成本	1 465.60
	增殖放流成本	135.32
	管护、监测成本	301.95
	合计	3 006.87
碳交易成本		3.00
蓝色碳汇总成本	11 501.87

	当年5月						次年3月
	壳干重 /g	壳含碳系数/%	含碳量 /g	软体干重 /g	软体含碳系数/%	含碳量 /g	壳干重 /g	壳含碳系数/%	含碳量 /g	软体干重 /g	软体含碳系数/%	含碳量 /g
深水区	0.56	11.82	0.07	0.08	38.11	0.03	17.04	11.92	2.03	2.17	37.5	0.81
浅水区	0.56	11.85	0.07	0.08	38.11	0.03	11.45	12.15	1.39	1.42	37.3	0.53