基于多源遥感影像的锦州湾附近海域围填海动态演变分析

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.08.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

填海造陆在增加土地资源的同时也对生态环境带来了深远的影响,对填海造陆的监测和研究成为现实需要。本文以1991年、1995年、2000 年的Landsat TM 影像数据,2005年SPOT卫星影像和2010年环境卫星HJ-1 CCD及2014年SPOT遥感影像数据为主要数据源,构建了基于元胞自动机模型（CA）的岸线提取方法,并对锦州湾附近海域的围填海分布、强度指数、质心坐标及其利用情况等方面进行深入分析。研究结果表明：①23年间锦州湾附近海域海岸线共增加了20.07km,在1991—1995年和2005—2010年两个时间段增加较快;②锦州湾中部北港镇、牛营子及西海口等地区海岸线位移量相对较大,围填海强度较高;③锦州湾新增围填海面积50.67 km²,城市建设、港口用海及围海养殖用海为围填海的主要类型,盐业用海面积相对减小,未利用类型面积增加;④锦州湾围填海重心总体往东北方向偏移。

关键词: 围填海, 海岸线, 多源遥感影像, RS/GIS, 动态演变, 锦州湾

Abstract:

Reclamation not only increases the land resources, but also has a profound impact on the ecological environment. It is essential to monitor the land reclamation. Based on Landsat TM image data in 1991, 1995 and 2000, SPOT satellite image in 2005, HJ-1 CCD in 2010 and SPOT remote sensing image data in 2014, a method of shoreline extraction based on CA was constructed. The reclamation distribution, intensity index, centroid coordinates and their utilization in the sea area near Jinzhou bay were analyzed in depth. The research results show that: (1) The coastline near Jinzhou bay has increased by 20.07 km for last 23 years, in particular between 1991—1995 and 2005—2010; (2) The displacement of coastline in Beigang town, Niuyingzi and west Haikou in the central part of Jinzhou bay is relatively large, and the reclamation intensity is relatively high; (3) The newly increased reclamation area in Jinzhou bay is 50.67 km², and its utilization type is mainly urban construction. The area of port construction and reclamation has steadily increased, the area of salt industry is reduced, and the proportion of unused land is increasing year by year; (4) The center of gravity of the reclamation in Jinzhou Bay is generally shifted to the northeast, with the sea near the west of Haikou as the center. A large number of new port construction site was created. Therefore, we should strengthen the ecological transformation and protection of the shoreline that has been filled, standardize the human development activities, reduce the ecosystem pressure in the coastal zone of this region, and further carry out the ecological environment assessment of the gulf at the same time to provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the sustainable development of the region.

Key words: reclamation, coastline, multi-source remote sensing image, RS/GIS, dynamic evolution, Jinzhou Bay

柯丽娜, 曹君, 武红庆, 王权明, 王辉. 基于多源遥感影像的锦州湾附近海域围填海动态演变分析[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(8): 1645-1657.

Lina KE, Jun CAO, Hongqing WU, Quanming WANG, Hui WANG. Dynamic evolution analysis of reclamation in Jinzhou Bay based on multi source remote sensing images[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(8): 1645-1657.

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一级编码	一级分类	二级编码	二级分类	说明
1	自然岸线	11	基岩岸线	岸线较曲折,岸线不规则,呈锯齿状分布。在影像中有明显的起伏状态和岩石构造,位置界定在水陆分界线上
		12	砂质岸线	岸线比较平直,受海水搬运沉积作用影响,形成一条与岸线平行的砂质沉积带。在影像中呈亮白色,位置界定在干燥摊面与陆域交界处
		13	淤泥质岸线	岸线平直,潮间带宽而平缓。在影像中色调较沙滩暗,有潮沟发育,位置界定在有痕迹线前段向海一侧外边界
		14	河口岸线	有明确的河海分界线,则以该线为河口岸线;若没有明显的分界线,则以最靠近河口的防潮闸或者跨河桥梁为河口分界线
2	人工岸线	21	养殖岸线	岸线平直,地状物呈长条状,空间集中分布,布局规则。在影像上,轮廓清楚,边界明显,位置界定在向海一侧的外边缘
		22	盐业岸线	岸线平直,地状物呈规则小型方块状,大面积连续分布。在影像上呈亮白色,位置界定在向海一侧外边缘
		23	城镇建设岸线	岸线较平直,地状物包含矿区、油田和景观等人工建筑。在影像上呈白色或灰色,与城市衔接,位置界定在向海一侧外边缘
		24	港口码头岸线	岸线较平直,地状物分布不均匀。在影像上多呈白色,明显细条状突出,边缘呈现齿状,位置界定在向海一侧外边缘

类型	定义	解译标志
围海养殖用海	指围海筑塘用以养殖的海域	一般集中分布在沿岸,呈长条状,布局规则,水体呈蓝绿色
盐业用海	指工业用海中将海水引进、蒸发、晒盐的平地,多位于滨海	靠近海岸,呈规则小型方块状,大面积连续分布,间杂带有白色点状
港口用海	指供船舶停靠、进行装卸作业、避风和调动所使用的海域	分布于沿岸处,影像上多呈白色,明显细条状突出,港口多有货船停靠
城镇建设填海造地用海	为大型的用于城镇建设的人工造地,一般依托海岸线,呈块状分布	依托海岸线,呈块状,影像上多呈蓝色或白色,连片布置,整体规模很大
未利用类型	指已进行围海或填海,但尚未实施利用或已利用但后来荒废的造地区域	围而未填区域水域颜色显示为灰色、灰黑色,围堰呈亮灰色;填而未建区域分有植物生长区和无植物生长区,颜色分别显示为暗绿色和灰色

区域编号	对应海岸带断面号	所在位置	围填海利用类型
A	14—27	双泉寺	港口用海
B	45—57	渔民村	港口用海、工业用海
C	63—72	北大洼	港口用海、工业用海
D	78—99	北港镇	工业用海、围海养殖
E	115—136	牛营子	城镇建设、围海养殖
F	144—188	西海口	港口用海、围海养殖
G	196—203	梁屯村	港口用海

		1991年	1995年		2000年		2005年		2010年		2014年
开发利用面积/km²	盐业用海	6.84	12.55		13.65		13.73		8.29		6.75
	养殖用海	1.67	4.58		7.24		7.48		5.00		12.49
	城镇建设	12.59	13.12		11.21		11.20		28.26		30.70
	港口用海	1.68	2.83		3.29		6.49		13.91		16.28
	未利用类型	2.03	2.03		2.03		5.47		7.79		9.26
	总面积	24.81	35.11		37.42		44.37		63.26		75.48
面积变化/km²		10.30		2.31		6.95		18.89		12.22
变化速率/（km²/a）		2.58		0.46		1.39		3.78		3.06

	1991—1995年	1995—2000年	2000—2005年	2005—2010年	2010—2014年
盐业用海	15.06	16.39	16.48	9.95	8.10
围海养殖	5.50	8.69	8.98	6.00	14.99
城镇建设	15.75	13.45	13.45	33.93	36.86
港口用海	3.40	3.95	6.57	16.70	19.55