资源科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (8): 1583-1594.doi: 10.18402/resci.2018.08.09
收稿日期:
2017-10-31
修回日期:
2018-05-02
出版日期:
2018-08-25
发布日期:
2018-08-10
作者简介:
作者简介:朱丽娟,女,河南许昌人,博士,副教授,主要从事农业经济理论与政策研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Received:
2017-10-31
Revised:
2018-05-02
Online:
2018-08-25
Published:
2018-08-10
摘要:
种粮大户是中国粮食生产的重要主体之一,在资源刚性约束和生产成本上升的背景下,提高种粮大户的技术效率才是保障中国粮食安全和实现农民增收的根本出路。本文依据黑龙江省674个种粮大户调查数据,运用SBM超效率DEA模型实证考察种粮大户的技术效率及其分布、效率分解以及松弛变量情况,运用Tobit回归模型进一步对技术效率的影响因素进行分析。研究结论显示:种粮大户的平均综合技术效率、纯技术效率及规模效率分别为0.545、0.635和0.871,综合技术效率不高,主要原因是纯技术效率较低;耕地经营规模与综合技术效率之间呈“U”型曲线关系;绝大多数种粮大户在投入要素方面存在冗余,改进程度由高到低依次为地租、流动成本、固定成本和人工费用;大户年龄、总耕地面积、家庭务农人数、土地块数、最大地块面积、旱地比例、地头农田水利设施状况、灌溉方式、土地流转合同期限和是否有正规贷款等因素对种粮大户技术效率具有显著影响。
朱丽娟, 王志伟. 黑龙江省种粮大户的技术效率及其影响因素[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(8): 1583-1594.
Lijuan ZHU, Zhiwei WANG. Analysis on technical efficiency and influencing factors of large-scale grain-production farmers in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(8): 1583-1594.
表1
种粮大户技术效率可能影响因素说明及其统计性描述"
变量 | 变量说明及单位 | 极小值 | 极大值 | 均值 | 标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(x1) | 岁 | 21 | 60 | 44.09 | 8.26 |
受教育水平(x2) | 1=小学及以下;2=初中; 3=高中或中专;4=大专及以上 | 1 | 4 | 2.04 | 0.61 |
是否村干部(x3) | 1=是;0=否 | 0 | 1 | 0.08 | 0.27 |
实际耕地面积(x4) | hm2 | 6.67 | 2 666.67 | 30.20 | 145.79 |
家庭务农人数(x5) | 人 | 1 | 6 | 2.15 | 0.70 |
土地块数(x6) | 所经营耕地共几块 | 1 | 75 | 7.75 | 6.78 |
最大地块面积(x7) | hm2 | 0.33 | 520 | 8.82 | 27.32 |
旱地比例(x8) | %,旱地面积/总耕地面积 | 0.00 | 100 | 89.00 | 28.00 |
粮食收入占比(x9) | 粮食纯收入/家庭纯收入,% | 0.00 | 100 | 87.42 | 19.08 |
灌溉方式(x10) | 1≤g≤1.5表示以不灌溉为主;1.5<g≤2表示以传统灌溉为主;2<g≤3表示以节水灌溉为主 | 1 | 3 | 1.96 | 0.90 |
本地水资源状况(x11) | 严重短缺=1;比较短缺=2;一般=3;比较丰富=4; 十分丰富=5 | 1 | 5 | 2.85 | 0.97 |
农田水利设施情况(x12) | 很差=1;较差=2;一般=3;较好=4;很好=5 | 1 | 5 | 2.55 | 0.88 |
土地流转合同期限(x13) | 年 | 0 | 40 | 1.64 | 2.70 |
同行影响(x14) | 1=是;0=否 | 0 | 1 | 0.35 | 0.48 |
是否参加合作社(x15) | 1=是;0=否 | 0 | 1 | 0.33 | 0.47 |
参加涉农培训次数(x16) | 次,大户实际参加涉农培训次数 | 0 | 9 | 1.44 | 2.04 |
是否有正规贷款(x17) | 1=是;0=否 | 0 | 1 | 0.58 | 0.49 |
表2
不同耕地规模种粮大户的效率分布"
耕地规模分类/hm2 | 综合技术效率 | 纯技术效率 | 规模效率 | 户数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.67~13.33 | 0.554 | 0.661 | 0.844 | 416 |
13.33~20.00 | 0.546 | 0.577 | 0.943 | 139 |
20.00~26.67 | 0.497 | 0.515 | 0.966 | 36 |
26.67~33.33 | 0.454 | 0.509 | 0.914 | 23 |
33.33~40.00 | 0.420 | 0.482 | 0.883 | 10 |
40.00~46.67 | 0.433 | 0.496 | 0.881 | 6 |
46.67~53.33 | 0.598 | 0.724 | 0.869 | 6 |
53.33~60.00 | 0.379 | 0.428 | 0.884 | 4 |
60.00~66.67 | 0.597 | 0.841 | 0.727 | 5 |
66.67~333.33 | 0.585 | 0.756 | 0.819 | 24 |
≥333.33 | 0.763 | 1.232 | 0.635 | 5 |
全部样本 | 0.545 | 0.635 | 0.871 | 674 |
表3
各投入要素的松弛变量"
不同规模/hm2 | 流动成本 | 固定成本 | 地租 | 人工费 |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.67~13.33 | -0.847 | -0.885 | -3.019 | -0.394 |
13.33~20.00 | -1.569 | -1.282 | -5.233 | -0.855 |
20.00~26.67 | -3.320 | -2.435 | -10.335 | -2.064 |
26.67~33.33 | -3.868 | -2.671 | -10.392 | -1.711 |
33.33~40.00 | -3.716 | -2.770 | -5.978 | -1.350 |
40.00~46.67 | -5.027 | -4.240 | -9.786 | -2.115 |
46.67~53.33 | -4.078 | -2.768 | -7.295 | -1.066 |
53.33~60.00 | -11.087 | -6.206 | -13.443 | -3.040 |
60.00~66.67 | -2.458 | -2.673 | 0.375 | -1.054 |
66.67~333.33 | -6.916 | -5.386 | -4.941 | -3.301 |
≥333.33 | 31.997 | 37.506 | 65.698 | 8.637 |
全部样本 | -1.385 | -1.105 | -3.855 | -0.716 |
表4
Tobit模型回归结果"
变量与常数项 | Coef. | Std. Err. | t | P>t |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(x1) | 0.001 616 8*** | 0.000 762 9 | 2.12 | 0.034 |
受教育水平(x2) | 0.012 608 1 | 0.010 694 7 | 1.18 | 0.239 |
是否村干部(x3) | -0.019 438 1 | 0.024 230 2 | -0.80 | 0.423 |
总耕地面积(x4) | -0.000 009 7** | 0.000 005 1 | -1.89 | 0.059 |
家庭务农人数(x5) | 0.029 419 1*** | 0.008 916 5 | 3.30 | 0.001 |
土地块数(x6) | 0.003 956 6*** | 0.000 986 3 | 4.01 | 0.000 |
最大地块面积(x7) | 0.000 073 4*** | 0.000 026 8 | 2.74 | 0.006 |
旱地比例(x8) | 0.294 292 0*** | 0.022 626 7 | 13.01 | 0.000 |
粮食收入占比(x9) | 0.000 776 3 | 0.000 330 2 | 2.35 | 0.190 |
灌溉方式(x10) | 0.079 932 7*** | 0.007 712 8 | 10.36 | 0.000 |
本地水资源状况(x11) | 0.003 631 3 | 0.006 437 9 | 0.56 | 0.573 |
农田水利设施情况(x12) | 0.001 218 1* | 0.006 993 4 | 0.17 | 0.086 |
流转合同期限(x13) | 0.006 275 8*** | 0.002 310 9 | 2.72 | 0.007 |
同行影响(x14) | 0.000 889 9 | 0.013 102 0 | 0.07 | 0.946 |
是否参加合作社(x15) | 0.006 929 6 | 0.015 839 7 | 0.44 | 0.662 |
参加涉农培训次数(x16) | 0.001 428 0 | 0.003 889 0 | 0.37 | 0.714 |
是否有正规贷款(x17) | -0.005 648 2* | 0.013 893 9 | -0.41 | 0.068 |
常数项 | -0.025 486 5 | 0.069 544 3 | -0.37 | 0.714 |
Log likelihood = 305.405 74 | LR chi2= 293.76 Prob > chi2 = 0.000 0 |
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