农地转出前后农户福利变化及差异研究——以关天经济区政府主导型农地流转为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.07.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为推动农地适度规模经营、促进农村经济发展,政府主导型农地流转逐渐成为土地流转的重要模式之一。农地作为农户最为重要的生计资产,其转出将对农户福利变化及差异产生深刻影响。本文以关天经济区659户政府主导型农地流转为例,从阿马蒂亚·森福利经济学理论出发,运用模糊评价法、博弈论组合赋权法与福利差异指数探究农地转出前后农户福利变化及差异。研究结果表明：① 农地转出后,农户福利模糊指数从0.432提升到0.467,但提升幅度不大,仍低于0.5的中等福利水平。其中,经济状况隶属度、社会保障隶属度、居住条件隶属度与就业及发展隶属度均有所提升,心理与健康隶属度出现略微下降。② 农地转出后,农户福利总差距与区内福利差距均有不同程度的缩小,区间福利差距变化不明显。③ 较关中区域而言,政府主导型农地流转对天水区域农户福利平等分配的作用更大。这与两区域的政府主导型农地流转在角色定位、过程管理、监管保障方面存在差异有关。为此,政府主导型农地流转应围绕全面提升农户福利、进一步缩小区内差异、继续保持区间同步发展三方面进行完善及改进。

关键词: 农户福利, 土地流转, 政府主导, 博弈论组合权重, 关天经济区

Abstract:

To promote farmland large scale management and rural economic development, government-dominated farmland transfer has been a significant mode of farmland transfer in modern China. Farmland is known as the most important livelihood asset of farmer, and its transfer will have a great influence on welfare changes and disparities among farmers. According to 659 samples from the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone, we built a farmers’ welfare index system based on the thought of Sen’s function and capacity approach. We used fuzzy evaluation method and combination weight based on game theory to measure welfare changes. We used indexes of Gini and Theil to analyze welfare disparities for farmers. We found that after farmland transfer, sampled farmers’ welfare levels are modestly improved, though the increase is not significant. Specifically, sampled farmers’ welfare levels increase from 0.432 to 0.467. Rather, it is still below the median level 0.5. Economic condition, social security, living condition, employment and development are improved to varying degrees, but psychology and health declines. The total welfare disparities and welfare disparities within groups become narrow. Welfare disparities between groups show little change. There are differences in role positioning, process management and regulatory guarantee in government-dominated farmland transfer, which means that the effect of equal distribution of welfare within groups on the Tianshui area is greater than that for the Guanzhong area. We suggest improvements to government-dominated farmland transfer to comprehensively enhance farmers’ welfare, reduce welfare disparities within groups and develop these two areas simultaneously.

Key words: farmers’ welfare, farmland transfer, government-dominated, combination weight based on game theory, Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone

廖沛玲, 赵健, 夏显力. 农地转出前后农户福利变化及差异研究——以关天经济区政府主导型农地流转为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(7): 1354-1364.

Peiling LIAO, Jian ZHAO, Xianli XIA. Welfare changes and disparities among farmers before and after renting out farmland with government-dominated farmland transfer in the Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(7): 1354-1364.

图/表 6

图1

表1

农户福利评价指标构建及数据描述性统计"

功能性活动及指标	类型	指标赋值与含义	参考文献	转出前		转出后
功能性活动及指标	类型	指标赋值与含义	参考文献	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
1.经济状况农业收入/(万元/年) 非农收入/(万元/年)	C C	人均农业收入人均非农收入	[23],[28] [23],[28]	0.161 0.632	0.223 0.456	0.137 0.847	0.228 0.582
2.社会保障社会保障满意度基础生活保障/%	T1 C	1=很不满意,2=不太满意,3=一般,4=基本满意,5=非常满意家庭农业收入占总收入的比重	[8],[12] [28],[29]	3.584 0.284	0.926 0.308	4.002 0.194	0.828 0.250
3.居住条件住房情况	T2	将房屋结构是砖混赋值为1,否赋值为0;将房屋地面材料是砖石赋值为1,否赋值为0;将专门卧室、独立厨房、独立浴室、冲水式厕所按有无分别赋值为1和0;并对上述进行加总	[10],[25]	3.874	1.290	4.173	1.260
生活便利性	$T 2$	以距离居住点步行15分钟内可达为标准,分别对超市、公交站、邮局、医院、小学、初中、高中进行赋值,若零项可达则赋值为0,若任意一项可达则赋值为1,以此类推,最高赋值为7	[24],[28]	2.347	1.401	2.357	1.405
居住环境	$T 1$	以1=很不满意,2=不太满意,3=一般,4=基本满意,5=非常满意为标准,分别对噪音情况、空气质量、垃圾处理、水体污染、路面粉尘、绿化情况、治安情况进行赋值,并对上述进行加总	[8],[10]	24.866	4.416	26.862	4.806
4.就业及发展家庭外出务工比例/% 发展机遇	C $T 1$	外出务工人数占家庭总人口的比例 1=很不满意,2=不太满意,3=一般,4=基本满意,5=非常满意	[30] [12],[25]	0.280 2.995	0.219 0.707	0.357 3.422	0.229 0.901
5.心理与健康社会交往满意度自评健康状况	T1 T1	1=很不满意,2=不太满意,3=一般,4=基本满意,5=非常满意户主自评健康状况：1=生活不能自理,需人照顾;2=有疾病,但生活能自理;3=身体一般,能做简单农活;4=身体健康,有完全劳动能力	[10],[24] [25],[30]	3.568 3.434	0.716 0.806	3.238 3.533	0.645 0.752

表1

图2

表2

图3

表3

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功能性活动及指标	隶属度		权重
功能性活动及指标	转出前	转出后	主观权重	客观权重	组合权重
1.经济状况农业收入非农收入	0.185 0.034 0.151	0.231 0.029 0.202	0.342 0.171 0.171	0.230 0.070 0.160	0.319 0.151 0.168
2.社会保障社会保障满意度基础生活保障	0.468 0.329 0.139	0.477 0.382 0.095	0.173 0.092 0.081	0.176 0.073 0.103	0.174 0.089 0.085
3.居住条件住房情况生活便利性居住环境	0.578 0.289 0.070 0.219	0.625 0.311 0.071 0.243	0.249 0.122 0.040 0.087	0.256 0.072 0.104 0.080	0.250 0.112 0.052 0.086
4.就业及发展家庭外出务工比例发展机遇	0.377 0.156 0.221	0.467 0.199 0.269	0.101 0.055 0.046	0.179 0.105 0.074	0.117 0.065 0.052
5.心理与健康社会交往满意度自评健康状况	0.733 0.298 0.435	0.712 0.259 0.453	0.135 0.063 0.072	0.159 0.072 0.086	0.140 0.065 0.075
总模糊指数	0.432	0.467

	关中区域农户比重	天水区域农户比重
1.角色定位
1.1开发方式政府开发外包开发	38.35 61.65	16.01 83.99
2.过程管理
2.1契约形式书面合同非书面合同	43.47 56.53	79.08 20.92
2.2租金支付形式一次性付清多次付清未支付	4.00 91.76 4.24	29.74 67.32 2.94
3.监管保障
3.1纠纷情况有流转纠纷无流转纠纷	27.55 72.45	16.01 83.99
3.2流转期限流转期限太短流转期限正好流转期限太长	18.75 33.81 47.44	6.86 46.73 46.41