资源科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1230-1245.doi: 10.18402/resci.2018.06.13
收稿日期:
2017-07-19
修回日期:
2017-10-25
出版日期:
2018-06-25
发布日期:
2018-06-22
作者简介:
作者简介:杨柳,女,河南安阳人,博士生,主要研究方向为区域经济发展。E-mail:
基金资助:
Liu YANG(), Yuchun ZHU(
), Yang REN
Received:
2017-07-19
Revised:
2017-10-25
Online:
2018-06-25
Published:
2018-06-22
摘要:
由于政府主管的小农水治理模式难以充分满足农户农业生产经营的现实需求,农户参与管护成为突破小农水治理困境的关键。在IAD框架基础上,利用内蒙古和宁夏774份微观农户调研数据,运用Ordered Probit模型,探讨了社会信任、组织支持对农户参与小农水管护绩效的影响。结果表明:① 社会信任与组织支持均显著正向影响农户参与小农水管护绩效,该结论在剔除老年人样本的情况下仍然成立;② 组织支持能增强社会信任对管护绩效的积极作用;③ 组织支持通过影响农户对村干部和管护制度的认可这两条渠道来发挥其对管护绩效的影响作用。这表明,促进农户之间的沟通交流从而提高彼此之间的信任感,并在此基础上增强村组织对农户的支持力度,能有效提升农户参与小农水管护绩效,对破解小农水自主治理困境具有借鉴意义。
杨柳, 朱玉春, 任洋. 社会信任、组织支持对农户参与小农水管护绩效的影响[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(6): 1230-1245.
Liu YANG, Yuchun ZHU, Yang REN. Influence of social trust and organizational support on the performance of farmers' participation in the management and maintenance of small-scale farmland water conservancy[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(6): 1230-1245.
表1
样本农户的个体特征及家庭特征统计性描述"
统计指标 | 频率 | 比例/% | 统计指标 | 频率 | 比例/% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 489 | 63.18 | 家庭规模/人 | <3 | 227 | 29.33 |
女 | 285 | 36.82 | 3~5 | 457 | 59.04 | ||
年龄/岁 | ≤ 35 | 30 | 3.88 | 6~8 | 83 | 10.72 | |
36~45 | 117 | 15.12 | ≥ 9 | 7 | 0.91 | ||
46~55 | 297 | 38.37 | 家庭耕地面积/hm2 | ≤ 1 | 202 | 26.10 | |
56~65 | 246 | 31.78 | 1~2 | 225 | 29.07 | ||
≥ 66 | 84 | 10.85 | 2~3 | 121 | 15.63 | ||
受教育程度 | 小学及以下 | 417 | 53.88 | 3~4 | 102 | 13.18 | |
初中 | 307 | 39.66 | > 4 | 124 | 16.02 | ||
高中或中专 | 46 | 5.94 | 家庭年收入/元 | ≤ 30 000 | 130 | 16.80 | |
大专 | 2 | 0.26 | 30 001~60 000 | 163 | 21.06 | ||
本科及以上 | 2 | 0.26 | 60 001~90 000 | 150 | 19.38 | ||
家里是否有村干部 | 是 | 148 | 19.12 | 90 001~120 000 | 140 | 18.09 | |
否 | 626 | 80.88 | ≥ 120 001 | 191 | 24.67 |
表2
Ordered Probit模型中变量的定义及统计性描述"
变量类别 | 变量名 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
农户参与小农水管护绩效 | 小农水利设施维护程度(intactness) | 3.851 | 0.872 | 1 | 5 |
灌溉用水分配公平程度(fairness) | 3.442 | 1.075 | 1 | 5 | |
社会信任 | 对亲人的信任(relative) | 4.040 | 1.009 | 1 | 5 |
对邻居的信任(neighbor) | 3.540 | 0.841 | 1 | 5 | |
对同村村民的信任(villager) | 3.424 | 0.893 | 1 | 5 | |
组织支持 | 从村组织获得的支持程度(support) | 3.720 | 0.894 | 1 | 5 |
对您使用灌溉设施给予充分尊重(respect) | 3.673 | 0.969 | 1 | 5 | |
重视您在管护中所做的贡献(attention) | 3.217 | 0.834 | 1 | 5 | |
为您提供良好的灌溉设施(facility) | 3.685 | 1.074 | 1 | 5 | |
为您提供完善的灌溉信息(information) | 4.221 | 0.794 | 1 | 5 | |
个体特征和家庭情况 | 性别(gender) | 0.632 | 0.483 | 0 | 1 |
年龄(age) | 53.795 | 9.991 | 19 | 83 | |
文化程度(education) | 1.534 | 0.644 | 1 | 5 | |
健康状况(health) | 3.784 | 1.010 | 1 | 5 | |
家中是否有村干部(cadre) | 0.191 | 0.394 | 0 | 1 | |
家庭劳动力数(labor) | 2.963 | 1.256 | 1 | 7 | |
家庭耕地面积(land) | 2.547 | 2.113 | 0.07 | 16.67 | |
家庭收入(income) | 8.436 | 5.414 | 0.15 | 59.00 | |
农户认知 | 灌溉水水价认知(price) | 3.860 | 0.706 | 1 | 5 |
小农水对收入增加重要性认知(increase) | 3.592 | 0.833 | 1 | 5 | |
政府对小农水的投资力度认知(investment) | 3.786 | 0.806 | 1 | 5 | |
管护规则 | 管护资金使用透明(transparency) | 3.377 | 1.050 | 1 | 5 |
管护权责明晰(clarity) | 3.593 | 0.849 | 1 | 5 | |
社群性质 | 共用主要灌溉设施农户数(number) | 17.503 | 12.392 | 5 | 60 |
粮食面积占耕地面积之比(area ratio) | 0.718 | 0.355 | 0 | 1 | |
社区氛围 | 人际关系(relationship) | 3.850 | 0.694 | 1 | 5 |
社会风气(atmosphere) | 3.879 | 0.656 | 1 | 5 | |
社区归属感(belonging) | 3.708 | 0.775 | 1 | 5 |
表3
Ordered Probit模型基准回归结果"
变量 | 设施维护程度 | 用水分配公平程度 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | |||
社会信任 | relative | - | 0.179* (0.094) | - | 0.239*** (0.086) | |
neighbor | - | 0.343*** (0.108) | - | 0.490*** (0.101) | ||
villager | - | 0.287*** (0.089) | - | 0.154* (0.084) | ||
组织支持 | support | - | 0.467*** (0.108) | - | 0.278*** (0.096) | |
个体特征和家庭情况 | gender | 0.363*** (0.104) | 0.105 (0.112) | 0.446*** (0.093) | 0.229** (0.100) | |
age | -0.001 (0.004) | 0.001 (0.004) | -0.007* (0.004) | -0.006 (0.004) | ||
education | -0.105* (0.068) | -0.086 (0.070) | -0.075 (0.065) | -0.067 (0.069) | ||
health | -0.004 (0.046) | 0.013 (0.047) | -0.029 (0.042) | -0.019 (0.045) | ||
cadre | 0.357*** (0.123) | 0.217* (0.122) | 0.410*** (0.131) | 0.268** (0.132) | ||
labor | 0.001 (0.033) | 0.002 (0.034) | -0.017 (0.035) | -0.023 (0.036) | ||
land | 0.019 (0.023) | 0.028 (0.023) | 0.007 (0.021) | 0.015 (0.021) | ||
income | 0.032*** (0.010) | 0.017* (0.010) | 0.006 (0.008) | -0.008 (0.008) | ||
农户认知 | price | -0.206*** (0.070) | -0.272*** (0.073) | 0.201*** (0.058) | 0.189*** (0.062) | |
increase | 0.352*** (0.096) | 0.201** (0.101) | 0.260*** (0.068) | 0.119* (0.072) | ||
investment | 0.090 (0.069) | 0.068 (0.071) | 0.047 (0.065) | 0.015 (0.068) | ||
管护规则 | transparency | 0.148** (0.064) | -0.002 (0.074) | 0.266*** (0.066) | 0.143** (0.070) | |
clarity | 0.273*** (0.071) | 0.130* (0.072) | 0.190*** (0.073) | 0.069 (0.078) | ||
社群性质 | number | -0.023*** (0.005) | -0.010* (0.005) | -0.015*** (0.004) | -0.001 (0.005) | |
area ratio | 0.361** (0.153) | 0.155 (0.154) | 0.297** (0.125) | 0.083 (0.130) | ||
社区氛围 | relationship | 0.183* (0.101) | 0.192* (0.104) | 0.162* (0.087) | 0.155 (0.102) | |
atmosphere | -0.019 (0.073) | -0.089 (0.079) | 0.034 (0.082) | -0.017 (0.087) | ||
belonging | 0.144* (0.090) | 0.014 (0.104) | 0.269*** (0.094) | 0.173* (0.097) | ||
样本量 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | ||
对数似然比 | -629.664 0 | -569.158 0 | -812.738 8 | -755.772 8 | ||
伪R2 | 0.305 0 | 0.371 8 | 0.239 3 | 0.292 7 | ||
Prob>chi2 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 |
表4
组织支持对社会信任影响农户参与小农水管护绩效的调节作用"
变量 | 设施维护程度 | 用水分配公平程度 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
模型(5) | 模型(6) | 模型(7) | 模型(8) | 模型(9) | 模型(10) | |||
社会信任 | relative | 0.267*** (0.097) | 0.180* (0.094) | 0.194** (0.098) | 0.260*** (0.083) | 0.247*** (0.084) | 0.255*** (0.086) | |
neighbor | 0.340*** (0.108) | 0.348*** (0.104) | 0.318*** (0.111) | 0.488*** (0.102) | 0.565*** (0.099) | 0.459*** (0.100) | ||
villager | 0.300*** (0.090) | 0.285*** (0.089) | 0.324*** (0.089) | 0.159* (0.085) | 0.133* (0.085) | 0.201** (0.080) | ||
组织支持 | support | 0.489*** (0.110) | 0.469*** (0.109) | 0.534*** (0.112) | 0.279*** (0.096) | 0.310*** (0.099) | 0.355*** (0.094) | |
交互项 | relative×support | 0.173*** (0.064) | - | - | 0.056 (0.059) | - | - | |
neighbor×support | - | 0.011 (0.072) | - | - | 0.187*** (0.069) | - | ||
villager×support | - | - | 0.146* (0.076) | - | - | 0.186** (0.073) | ||
样本量 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | ||
对数似然比 | -562.513 4 | -569.140 2 | -566.613 4 | -755.066 4 | -750.313 7 | -750.902 0 | ||
伪R2 | 0.379 1 | 0.371 8 | 0.374 6 | 0.293 3 | 0.297 8 | 0.297 2 | ||
Prob>chi2 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 |
表5
社会信任与组织支持影响农户参与小农水管护绩效的稳健性检验(剔除老年人样本)"
变量 | 设施维护程度 | 用水分配公平程度 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
模型(11) | 模型(12) | 模型(13) | 模型(14) | |||
社会信任 | relative | - | 0.168* (0.103) | - | 0.257*** (0.097) | |
neighbor | - | 0.362*** (0.126) | - | 0.472*** (0.111) | ||
villager | - | 0.219** (0.107) | - | 0.168* (0.097) | ||
组织支持 | support | - | 0.419*** (0.124) | - | 0.215* (0.113) | |
个体特征和家庭情况 | gender | 0.333*** (0.114) | 0.075 (0.122) | 0.528*** (0.103) | 0.312*** (0.112) | |
age | 0.001 (0.006) | 0.003 (0.006) | -0.009 (0.006) | -0.007 (0.006) | ||
education | -0.070 (0.078) | -0.043 (0.082) | -0.105 (0.076) | -0.094 (0.081) | ||
health | -0.025 (0.052) | -0.010 (0.052) | -0.028 (0.048) | -0.012 (0.051) | ||
cadre | 0.252* (0.136) | 0.157 (0.137) | 0.530*** (0.148) | 0.454*** (0.149) | ||
labor | -0.027 (0.039) | -0.014 (0.040) | -0.048 (0.040) | -0.045 (0.041) | ||
land | 0.021 (0.025) | 0.023 (0.025) | 0.024 (0.023) | 0.029 (0.024) | ||
income | 0.031*** (0.010) | 0.017* (0.010) | 0.008 (0.008) | -0.006 (0.008) | ||
农户认知 | price | -0.233*** (0.080) | -0.279*** (0.082) | 0.206*** (0.065) | 0.210*** (0.070) | |
increase | 0.405*** (0.108) | 0.244** (0.114) | 0.265*** (0.080) | 0.102 (0.084) | ||
investment | 0.114 (0.079) | 0.095 (0.081) | 0.031 (0.074) | 0.003 (0.078) | ||
管护规则 | transparency | 0.114 (0.071) | -0.016 (0.080) | 0.275*** (0.072) | 0.164** (0.078) | |
clarity | 0.233*** (0.080) | 0.103 (0.081) | 0.213*** (0.082) | 0.103 (0.090) | ||
社群性质 | number | -0.026*** (0.005) | -0.012** (0.006) | -0.014*** (0.005) | 0.002 (0.005) | |
area ratio | 0.438*** (0.167) | 0.267 (0.166) | 0.270** (0.135) | 0.077 (0.141) | ||
社区氛围 | relationship | 0.172 (0.120) | 0.205* (0.121) | 0.129* (0.101) | 0.153 (0.118) | |
atmosphere | -0.031 (0.089) | -0.099 (0.097) | 0.003 (0.096) | -0.048 (0.103) | ||
belonging | 0.113 (0.105) | -0.001 (0.120) | 0.236** (0.103) | 0.159 (0.106) | ||
样本量 | 623 | 623 | 623 | 623 | ||
对数似然比 | -505.409 2 | -466.604 6 | -649.580 7 | -609.023 6 | ||
伪R2 | 0.290 1 | 0.344 6 | 0.237 9 | 0.285 4 | ||
Prob>chi2 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 |
表6
组织支持影响农户参与小农水管护绩效的稳健性检验结果"
变量 | 设施维护程度 | 用水分配公平程度 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
模型(15) | 模型(16) | 模型(17) | 模型(18) | 模型(19) | 模型(20) | 模型(21) | 模型(22) | |||
组织 支持 | respect | 0.122** (0.057) | - | - | - | 0.114** (0.050) | - | - | - | |
attention | - | 0.230*** (0.068) | - | - | - | 0.114** (0.058) | - | - | ||
facility | - | - | 0.147** (0.066) | - | - | - | 0.236*** (0.061) | - | ||
information | - | - | - | 0.314*** (0.082) | - | - | - | 0.354*** (0.087) | ||
样本量 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | ||
对数似然比 | -585.828 9 | -581.382 9 | -585.505 9 | -577.587 4 | -760.606 0 | -761.441 5 | -754.283 3 | -748.310 0 | ||
伪R2 | 0.353 4 | 0.358 3 | 0.353 7 | 0.362 5 | 0.288 1 | 0.287 3 | 0.294 0 | 0.299 6 | ||
Prob>chi2 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 |
表7
组织支持影响农户对村干部认可的估计结果"
变量 | 模型(23) | 模型(24) | 模型(25) | 模型(26) | 模型(27) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组织支持 | support | 0.301*** (0.073) | - | - | - | - |
respect | - | 0.204*** (0.043) | - | - | - | |
attention | - | - | 0.167*** (0.056) | - | - | |
facility | - | - | - | 0.103* (0.053) | - | |
information | - | - | - | - | 0.143** (0.062) | |
样本量 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | |
对数似然比 | -1 083.737 3 | -1 082.732 9 | -1 088.623 2 | -1 091.787 1 | -1 090.902 3 | |
伪R2 | 0.053 0 | 0.053 9 | 0.048 7 | 0.046 0 | 0.046 7 | |
Prob>chi2 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 |
表8
组织支持影响农户对管护制度认可的估计结果"
变量 | 模型(28) | 模型(29) | 模型(30) | 模型(31) | 模型(32) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
组织支持 | support | 0.179** (0.074) | - | - | - | - |
respect | - | 0.113** (0.049) | - | - | - | |
attention | - | - | 0.210*** (0.061) | - | - | |
facility | - | - | - | 0.213*** (0.057) | - | |
information | - | - | - | - | 0.130** (0.066) | |
样本量 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | 774 | |
对数似然比 | -775.137 5 | -775.309 6 | -770.995 5 | -770.480 6 | -776.197 5 | |
伪R2 | 0.077 2 | 0.077 0 | 0.082 2 | 0.082 8 | 0.076 0 | |
Prob>chi2 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 | 0.000 0 |
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