基于公平与效率视角的农地整理后期管护的制度绩效研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.06.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农地整理的后期管护对于延长农地整理建成设施的生命周期,提高土地资源利用效率,促进农地整理项目的可持续发展有着重要的意义。本文从公平与效率视角出发,运用结构方程模型对农地整理后期管护制度绩效与制度公平、制度效率的内在作用机制进行探析,试图为管护制度的完善和农地整理后期管护的可持续发展提供一定理论依据。研究结果表明：①制度公平与制度效率分别在1%、5%的统计水平上正向显著作用于制度绩效,制度公平与制度效率的相关系数为0.81,本文的3个假说均得到验证;②管护主体选择方式、管护人员充足程度、村民社交改善程度分别对制度绩效、制度公平、制度效率总效应最大,效应值分别为0.83、0.68、0.82;③模型运行结果具有稳健性,在“搭便车”行为的作用下,制度公平对制度绩效的影响更加显著。最后,建议推进管护主体选择方式多元化,推动项目区管护人员数量与素质的规范化管理,同时加强农民管护参与平台和机制建设,促进项目区农民相互沟通与交流。

关键词: 农地整理, 后期管护, 制度绩效, 制度公平, 制度效率

Abstract:

Post supervision and maintenance for rural land consolidation is of significance to prolong the life circle of building facilities for land consolidation projects, improve the efficiency of land resource utilization, and promote the sustainable development of projects. From the perspective of fairness and efficiency, we explored the interaction between institutional performance with institutional equity, institutional efficiency of supervision and maintenance for rural land consolidation based on 568 rural household surveys in Hubei, China. A structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test the validity of theoretical assumptions. This paper aims to support the perfection of the institution and sustainable development of supervision and maintenance. We found that institutional equity and institutional efficiency affect institutional performance. The correlation coefficient between institutional equity and institutional efficiency is 0. 81. All three hypotheses in this paper are verified. The selecting mode of management subjects, the sufficiency of management personnel, the improvement of farmers’ communication by reason of supervision and maintenance institution are the main-body of institutional performance, institutional fairness and institutional efficiency, respectively. The effect values are 0. 83, 0. 68 and 0. 82. Model results are stable, the influence of institutional fairness on institutional performance is more significant with the effect of free-riding. Based on these findings, the selecting mode of management subjects should be diversified, and standardized management of supervision and maintenance personnel in project areas should be promoted. The platform and operating mechanism for farmers’ participation should be strengthened in order to accelerate their communication.

Key words: rural land consolidation, supervision and maintenance, institutional performance, institutional equity, institutional efficiency

周惠, 赵微, 彭开丽, 甘臣林. 基于公平与效率视角的农地整理后期管护的制度绩效研究[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(6): 1150-1162.

Hui ZHOU, Wei ZHAO, Kaili PENG, Chenlin GAN. Institutional performance of supervision and maintenance for land consolidation projects in view of fairness and efficiency[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(6): 1150-1162.

图/表 6

图1

表1

管护制度绩效与制度公平、制度效率模型变量"

潜变量	层次	观察变量	变量解释	均值	标准差
制度绩效	管护投入	宣传形式y₁	管护宣传形式的丰富多样程度	2.891	1.058
		宣传内容y₂	管护宣传内容的及时准确程度	2.861	1.013
		主体选择y₃	管护主体选择方式的公正合理程度	2.947	1.061
		责任履行y₄	管护主体责任与义务履行程度	2.960	1.079
		账户管理y₅	对管护资金账户管理的满意程度	2.431	0.921
		资金分配y₆	对管护资金分配情况的满意程度	2.514	0.985
	管护措施	设施维护y₇	对设施维护的及时性与有效性的满意程度	2.951	1.076
		纠纷调处y₈	对纠纷调处的及时性与有效性的满意程度	3.048	1.040
		破坏劝阻y₉	对破坏劝阻的及时性与有效性的满意程度	3.035	1.047
		日常巡查y₁₀	对日常巡查的及时性与有效性的满意程度	3.021	1.079
	监督考核	监督频率y₁₁	对管护监督频率的满意程度	2.875	1.098
		整改情况y₁₂	对管护整改情况的满意程度	2.933	1.070
		考核频率y₁₃	对管护考核频率的满意程度	2.801	1.063
		考核程序y₁₄	对考核程序公正合理性的满意程度	2.780	1.069
		奖惩力度y₁₅	对考核结果奖惩力度的满意程度	2.734	1.040
制度公平	政治公平	经费公开x₁	管护经费是否向村民公开	2.141	0.932
		意见征询x₂	制定管护制度时是否征询农民的意见	2.333	0.985
		影响决策x₃	村民的意见是否能影响到管护决策	2.354	0.883
	起点公平	资金充足x₄	所在村庄管护资金是否充足稳定	2.697	1.034
		人员充足x₅	所在村庄管护人员是否充足合理	2.917	1.033
		工具充足x₆	所在村庄管护工具是否充足合理	3.074	1.029
	机会公平	权利均等x₇	村民是否都有参与管护的权利	3.500	0.992
		义务均等x₈	村民是否都有遵守管护制度的义务	3.454	0.980
	经济公平	报酬增加x₉	管护人员是否获得对应的劳动报酬	3.898	0.842
		粮食增长x₁₀	村民是否均等享受管护带来的粮食产量增长的好处	3.694	0.962
		环境改善x₁₁	村民是否均等享受管护带来的农村环境改善的好处	3.729	0.928
		人际和谐x₁₂	村民是否均等享受管护带来的人际关系改善的好处	3.621	0.906
	社会公平	尊重增加x₁₃	参与管护是否能增加自己的尊重和威望	3.658	0.860
		价值体现x₁₄	参与管护是否能体现自己的能力与价值	3.579	0.919
		信任提高x₁₅	参与管护是否能提高自己在村内的信任	3.658	0.889
制度效率	经济效率	单产增加x₁₆	管护对粮食单产增加程度	3.509	0.954
		成本降低x₁₇	管护对单位面积成本降低程度	3.347	0.940
	社会效率	道路畅通x₁₈	管护对机耕道、人行道通达情况改善程度	3.532	0.929
		用水便利x₁₉	管护对居民生活用水便利情况改善程度	3.373	0.902
		交往增加x₂₀	管护对村民社交情况改善程度	3.391	0.959
		纠纷减少x₂₁	管护对设备使用纠纷减少程度	3.266	0.892
	生态效率	土质改善x₂₂	管护对村庄土质改善程度	3.259	0.894
		水质提高x₂₃	管护对村庄水质改善程度	3.067	0.950
		村容美化x₂₄	管护对村庄绿化、垃圾、污水等设施改善程度	3.794	0.902
		景观优化x₂₅	管护对村庄植被、田块、池塘等景观优化程度	3.597	0.834

表1

图2

表2

图3

表3

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指标	RMR	SRMR	RMSEA	IFI	CFI	TLI	NC	PNFI	PCFI
参考值	<0.080	<0.080	<0.080	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	1<NC<5	>0.500	>0.500
指标值	0.065	0.069	0.080	0.857	0.857	0.846	4.667	0.768	0.797
修正后指标值	0.059	0.063	0.064	0.911	0.911	0.903	3.313	0.806	0.836