基于网络中心点辐射导向的农村居民点体系重组与优化——以重庆市江津区燕坝村为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.05.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

村落空间网络是以农村居民点为节点、线性设施为依托、节点相互作用而构成的复杂网络。开展村落空间网络及其节点中心性研究能够理清节点在网络中的关键位置与影响范围,为农村居民点规划建设、整体网络结构优化提供理论借鉴。本文以重庆市江津区燕坝村为例,运用复杂网络理论与方法构建村落空间网络,进而辨析网络中心点及其辐射强度与辐射范围,厘定出农村居民点体系优化重组模式。结果表明：① 村落空间网络具有典型的非均衡层次结构、小世界特征与无标度特性,网络整体的联系程度较低;② 依据中心点的辐射能力划分其等级,形成Ⅰ级中心点、Ⅱ级中心点和Ⅲ级节点共同作用的网络节点体系;③ 基于此,从“整体-局部-个体”3个影响层次,构建了中心村（Ⅰ级中心点）扩散型、基层村（Ⅱ级中心点）增长型、散居农村居民点（Ⅲ级节点）挖潜型3类优化重组模式。

关键词: 村落空间网络, 中心点辐射力, 农村居民点体系, 重组优化, 燕坝村, 重庆市

Abstract:

Rural spatial networks are complex networks consisting of rural settlements and linear facilities. They take rural settlements as nodes and linear facilities as the support; nodes interact within it. Rural spatial networks and node centrality are capable of identifying the key position and influence of nodes in the network, providing a theoretical reference for planning and construction of rural settlements and overall network structure optimization. Taking Yanba Village of Jiangjin district in Chongqing, we established a household and rural settlements database with spatial data links to attribute data by adopting the 3S+PRA method. We measured comprehensive quality and accessibility of rural settlements by comprehensive evaluation and grid analysis methods to determine the connection degree among rural settlements by improved potential models. Using the rural settlements in the village as nodes and the connection degree among rural residential areas are edges, we constructed a village spatial network using complex network theory to identify network center points, radiation intensity and radiation range. The results show that the village spatial network has a typical non-equilibrium hierarchical structure, small world characteristics and scale-free characteristics, and low overall connectivity. According to the radiation of the center points, a network node system consists of I, II and III center node interactions as classified. On this basis, three levels of influence from the whole to parts and individuals and three optimization and recombination patterns are constructed. These include the central village (grade I center) diffusion type, grassroots village (II Center) growth type, and scattered rural settlements (grade III node) promising type.

Key words: village spatial network, central radiation force, rural settlement system, recombination and optimization, Yanba Village, Chongqing

宿瑞, 王成. 基于网络中心点辐射导向的农村居民点体系重组与优化——以重庆市江津区燕坝村为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(5): 958-966.

Rui SU, Cheng WANG. Rural settlement spatial layout optimization using network center radiation guidance for Yanba Village in Chongqing[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(5): 958-966.

图/表 5

图1

表1

农村居民点质量评价指标体系及权重"

目标层	指标层	指标内容	权重值
居住环境	居民点规模	2015年实测土地利用现状图（1:2 000）的农村居民点图斑面积/hm²	0.053 8
	地形位	反映高程和坡度两项地形因子	0.069 0
	建筑质量	反映房屋质量：钢混结构=1、砖混结构=0.75、砖瓦结构=0.5、土坯结构=0.25	0.059 0
区位条件	平均耕作半径	农村居民点距离耕作地块的平均距离/km	0.045 8
	距产业园区距离	农村居民点距离农业、工业产业园的最近距离/km	0.041 2
	距场镇距离	农村居民点距离场镇中心位置的距离/km	0.035 9
	距学校距离	农村居民点距离学校（主要指幼小）的最近距离/km	0.038 1
	距医院距离	农村居民点距离医院/诊所的最近距离/km	0.033 1
	距小卖部距离	农村居民点距离小卖部/超市的最近距离/km	0.052 3
服务体系	水电气通达度	反映水电气等通达情况：通水/通电/通气=1;通两项=2;全通=3	0.068 5
	清洁能源使用率	反映清洁能源使用情况：使用沼气/太阳能/天然气/其他=1,使用项数累加	0.063 3
	垃圾处理数量	农村居民点200m范围内垃圾处理设施的配置情况/个	0.072 8
	健身娱乐设施	农村居民点200m范围内休闲娱乐设施的配置情况/个	0.041 5
	信息通讯费用	农户家庭使用电话、网络的费用/（月/元）	0.054 1
农户特征	居民点户数	农村居民点内所有聚集农户的户数之和/户	0.032 6
	劳动力人口数	农村居民点内劳动力人口总数/人	0.036 4
	受教育程度	农村居民点内所有人口受教育年限平均值/年	0.063 7
	户均年收入	农村居民点内农户家庭年平均收入/元	0.040 4
	生计来源	反映农户收入来源和生计方式：传统耕作、规模经营、非农经营、外出务工、其他收入（每一种生计来源赋值为1,累加统计）	0.046 1
	参保情况	反映农户购买保险的情况：商业保险、医疗保险、养老保险及其他（每一种保险类型赋值为1,累加统计）	0.030 6
	居住满意度	反映农户对于农村居民点住居的满意程度：满意=1、较满意=0.75、一般=0.5、不满意=0.25	0.021 8

表1

图2

图3

图4

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