干旱区滴灌水盐调控改良重度盐碱地棉田的包气带水分运移分析

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.04.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

包气带水分运移规律的研究能够为干旱区滴灌水盐调控改良盐碱地的技术提供理论基础。本文以克拉玛依农业开发区经改良的重度盐碱地棉田为例,观测棉花生长季内的土水势、土壤含水量和不同水体的同位素组成的时空分布特征,分析包气带水分运移。结果表明：①在滴灌水盐调控下,经改良的重度盐碱地棉田0~60 cm土层的含水量随时间的变化最大,受灌溉水（降水）入渗、蒸散发的影响最为明显;60~220 cm土壤含水量、土水势和土壤水同位素组成随时间的变幅相对较小,受灌溉水（降水）入渗、蒸散发的影响相对较小;220~260 cm土壤含水量、土水势和土壤水同位素组成随时间的变幅最小,受地下水的影响较明显;②120 cm和150 cm土壤水,100 cm和180 cm土壤水,260 cm土壤水中降水和灌溉水的贡献比例分别约为22%和78%,40%和60%,46%和54%左右,分别反映本次试验入渗水、前期土壤水、地下水的同位素组成特征;③灌溉水对地下水的影响较小,试验期间地下水位的抬升主要来自于侧向径流补给。

关键词: 干旱区, 盐碱地, 滴灌棉田, 稳定同位素, 包气带, 地下水补给, 克拉玛依农业开发区

Abstract:

The study of water movement through unsaturated zones provides a theoretical basis for water and salt regulation by drip irrigation in arid zone. Here, we took the improved severe saline-alkali cotton field by this schedule in Karamay agricultural development area as an example. Based on in-situ observations of soil water potential, soil water content and stable isotopes in water during different cotton growth periods, we studied water movement characteristics through an unsaturated zone. The results show that under water and salt regulation by drip irrigation schedules, 0~60 cm in the improved severe saline-alkali cotton field is influenced by infiltration and evapotranspiration, and soil water content varies with time. 60~220 cm is less influenced by infiltration compared with 0~60 cm, along with comparatively stable dynamics in soil water content, soil water potential and isotopic compositions of soil water. 220~260 cm is obviously affected by groundwater, along with more stable dynamics of soil water content, soil water potential and isotopic compositions of soil water compared with 60~220 cm. Precipitation and irrigation water account for about 22% and 78% of soil water at 120cm and 150cm, respectively, accounting for 40% and 60% of soil water at 100cm and 180cm, respectively and 46% and 54% of soil water at 260cm. Irrigation water has no significant impacts on groundwater. Water table changes during this experiment period mainly came from lateral groundwater recharge.

Key words: arid zone, saline-alkali soil, stable, drip irrigated isotopes cotton fields, stable, unsaturated zone, groundwater recharge, Karamay agricultural development area

周田田, 韩冬梅, 宋献方, 马英, 张应华. 干旱区滴灌水盐调控改良重度盐碱地棉田的包气带水分运移分析[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(4): 818-828.

Tiantian ZHOU, Dongmei HAN, Xianfang SONG, Ying MA, Yinghua ZHANG. Water movement through unsaturated zones in the severe saline-alkali cotton fields in inland arid regions underwater and salt regulation by drip irrigation[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(4): 818-828.

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深度/cm	<0.002mm黏粒	0.002~0.050mm粉粒	>0.050mm砂粒	土壤类型	干容重/(g/cm³)
0~40	2.39	90.27	7.34	粉土	1.31
40~120	1.73	92.05	6.22	粉土	1.49
120~140	0.46	42.05	57.49	砂质壤土	1.53
140~160	0.16	19.27	80.57	壤质砂土	1.32
160~180	0.00	10.98	89.02	砂土	1.29
180~200	0.02	13.28	86.70	砂土	1.36
200~260	0.00	15.34	84.66	壤质砂土	1.32

深度/cm	最大值	最小值	平均值	标准差
100~120	2.58	-4.85	-2.22	1.38
120~150	0.76	-1.97	-0.15	0.36
150~180	4.53	-0.04	0.60	0.75
180~220	0.79	-2.17	-0.12	0.38
220~260	0.63	-0.47	0.02	0.13

水样类型	深度/cm	采样数量	δ¹⁸O/‰					δ²H/‰
水样类型	深度/cm	采样数量	最大值		最小值	平均值	标准差	最大值	最小值	平均值	标准差
降水		5	-1.0	-4.8	-3.6	1.4		-18	-44	-30	9.8
灌溉水		5	-14.8	-15.3	-15.0	0.2		-109	-113	-111	1.9
土壤水	100	13	-7.3	-9.7	-8.4	0.6		-76	-80	-78	1.5
	120	13	-11.8	-13.9	-12.5	0.6		-88	-95	-93	1.7
	150	13	-11.9	-14.4	-12.4	0.6		-90	-94	-93	1.3
	180	13	-8.7	-9.5	-9.1	0.2		-76	-82	-79	1.3
	260	13	-7.4	-8.5	-8.0	0.3		-70	-75	-73	1.6
地下水		7	-6.5	-8.3	-7.5	0.6		-67	-75	-71	2.7

年/月/日	100cm			120cm			150cm				180cm				260cm
年/月/日	δ²H/‰		灌溉水	降水		δ²H/‰	灌溉水	降水	δ²H/‰	灌溉水	降水	δ²H/‰	灌溉水	降水	δ²H/‰	灌溉水	降水
2010/08/20	-76.0	56.8	43.2	-93.7	78.6	21.4	-91.2	75.6	24.4		-81.6	63.7	36.3		-70.5	50.0	50.0
2010/08/21	-75.7	56.4	43.6	-91.5	76.0	24.0	-91.5	75.9	24.1		-76.4	57.3	42.7		-71.9	51.7	48.3
2010/08/22	-76.1	57.0	43.0	-92.6	77.3	22.7	-90.2	74.4	25.6		-78.3	59.6	40.4		-70.3	49.7	50.3
2010/08/23	-76.0	56.8	43.2	-93.6	78.5	21.5	-94.1	79.1	20.9		-80.1	61.9	38.1		-74.8	55.3	44.7
2010/08/24	-78.0	59.3	40.7	-95.2	80.5	19.5	-93.8	78.8	21.2		-79.5	61.2	38.8		-75.2	55.8	44.2
2010/08/25	-78.7	60.1	39.9	-92.6	77.3	22.7	-91.9	76.5	23.5		-79.8	61.5	38.5		-73.8	54.1	45.9
2010/08/26	-78.0	59.3	40.7	-94.0	79.0	21.0	-93.0	77.8	22.2		-80.0	61.8	38.2		-73.7	53.9	46.1
2010/08/27	-77.7	58.9	41.1	-94.0	79.1	20.9	-93.9	78.8	21.2		-80.1	61.9	38.1		-74.0	54.3	45.7
2010/08/31	-80.1	61.9	38.1	-93.7	78.6	21.4	-94.2	79.2	20.8		-79.1	60.7	39.3		-73.4	53.6	46.4
2010/09/01	-78.9	60.4	39.6	-94.0	79.0	21.0	-93.9	78.9	21.1		-78.8	60.3	39.7		-73.2	53.3	46.7
2010/09/02	-79.5	61.1	38.9	-94.1	79.2	20.8	-94.5	79.6	20.4		-79.8	61.5	38.5		-74.0	54.3	45.7
2010/09/03	-78.6	60.0	40.0	-93.1	77.9	22.1	-93.0	77.8	22.2		-78.1	59.4	40.6		-74.5	54.9	45.1
2010/09/04	-75.8	56.5	43.5	-88.4	72.1	27.9	-92.8	77.5	22.5		-77.7	58.9	41.1		-74.9	55.4	44.6
平均值	-77.6	58.8	41.2	-93.1	77.9	22.1	-92.9	77.7	22.3		-79.2	60.7	39.3		-73.4	53.6	46.4