关键词: 贫困国家, 旅游竞争力, 时间变化, 影响因素

Abstract:

As the development of tourism has become an important means of poverty alleviation in poor countries, it is of great significance to explore the time variation and influencing factors of tourism competitiveness in poor countries so as to enhance global tourism competitiveness. Based on the multidimensional poverty index of the United Nations and Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Reports by the World Economic Forum, we analyzed time variation from 2007-2015 and factors affecting tourism competitiveness of poor countries using the indexes of range, standard deviation, extreme value ratio, coefficient of variation and radar map. We found that although poor countries are rich in tourism resources generally, tourism competitiveness is weak as a whole. The differences in tourism competitiveness among poor countries are increasing, and the gap in global tourism competitiveness is narrowing. We found that the competitiveness of high-poverty countries as a whole is weaker than low-poverty countries. There is a certain correlation between tourism competitiveness and economic development among poor countries. The strengths of poor countries are price competitiveness and safety and security, while cultural resources and business travel, air transport infrastructure, and international openness are generally weak. In addition to relative advantages in terms of tourism resources, high-competitiveness poor countries are those that give priority to the development of tourism, and are committed to creating a good business environment. For other low-competitiveness poor countries trying to promote economic development, the successful development experience of high-competitive poor countries is worth learning from.

Key words: poverty-stricken countries, tourism competitiveness, time variation, influencing factors