地方政府主导农地流转对农户转入规模与粮食单产的影响——以江苏省五地市为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.02.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在实现农地规模经营、农业现代化转型背景下,地方政府主导农地流转日益普遍,这将对农地流转规模与粮食单产带来重要影响。本文利用江苏省152个种粮大户的调研数据,采用多元回归模型,实证检验了地方政府主导下农地流转对农户转入规模与粮食单产的影响,并分析其与农户自发流转的影响差异。研究结果表明：① 相比农户自发流转,地方政府主导农地流转能够降低交易成本,并且通过土地综合整治、财政补贴等政策工具激励农户转入较多农地,扩大了农户规模需求;② 地方政府主导农地流转对大户粮食单产有显著的负向影响,政府主导流转下农户粮食单产低于自发流转农户。因此,地方政府在推动农地流转过程中,应兼顾公共利益和粮食安全,推动适度规模流转;强化服务功能,完善保障监管措施,充分发挥流转服务、监督和规范作用,使得农地流转、规模经营符合粮食增产的目标。

关键词: 地方政府, 农地流转, 转入规模, 粮食单产, 影响, 江苏省

Abstract:

Under the background of realizing farmland large scale management and agricultural modernization, local government-dominated farmland transfer is becoming more and more common in China. Local government-dominated farmland transfer will have an important impact on farmers’ transfer scale and grain production. Based on survey data from 152 large-scale grain production farmers in Jiangsu, we used multiple regression to test the impact of local government-dominated farmland scale transfer on farmers’ transfer scale and grain production. We comparatively analyzed the different effects on grain production between farmer's spontaneous transfer and government-dominated farmland scale transfer. We found that compared with spontaneous transfer by farmers, local government-dominated farmland transfer can reduce transaction costs and through comprehensive land management, financial subsidies and other policy tools encourage farmers to turn in more farmland and expand scale demands. Local government-dominated farmland large scale transfer has a significant negative impact on grain production. Compared with spontaneous transfer, the grain production under government-dominated is lower. Therefore, in the process of promoting the transfer of rural farmland, local governments should take into account public interests and food security and promote moderate scale transfer. They should also strengthen the service function, improve security supervision measures, give full play to transfer services, supervision and regulation, and bring farmland transfer and scale management in line with the goal of increasing grain production.

Key words: local government, farmland transfer, transfer scale, grain yield, impact, Jiangsu

王雪琪, 邹伟, 朱高立, 曹铁毅. 地方政府主导农地流转对农户转入规模与粮食单产的影响——以江苏省五地市为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(2): 326-334.

Xueqi WANG, Wei ZOU, Gaoli ZHU, Tieyi CAO. The impact of local government-dominated farmland transfer on farmer’s transfer scale and grain yield in five cities in Jiangsu[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(2): 326-334.

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	地方政府主导流转			农户自发流转		均值相等的t检验显著性水平
	均值		标准差		均值	标准差
转入面积/hm²	24.817	29.700		14.898	15.339	0.039
粮食单产/（kg/hm²）	13 878.233	1 542.953		14 920.463	1 708.688	0.000
粮食种植面积/hm²	46.896	58.299		28.969	28.993	0.057
劳动投入/（工/hm²）	57.784	43.197		60.837	59.532	0.726
化肥投入/（元/hm²）	4 894.679	1 051.848		4 746.977	906.548	0.420
机械投入/（元/hm²）	3 458.825	1 266.683		3 590.605	1 173.710	0.556

变量名称	变量定义及赋值	单位	平均值	标准差
被解释变量
粮食产量	2014年农户粮食单产	kg/hm²	14 173.073	1 654.283
流入面积	实际转入面积	hm²	22.011	26.766
关键解释变量
地方政府是否主导	是=1,否=0	-	0.717	0.452
直接投入变量
粮食种植规模	粮食实际种植面积（含复种面积）	hm²	41.824	52.253
劳动投入	单位播种面积的劳动用工数	工/hm²	58.650	48.195
化肥投入	单位播种面积施用化肥的金额	元/hm²	4 852.890	1 012.110
机械投入	单位播种面积上雇佣机械投入的资金	元/hm²	3 496.110	1 238.670
户主及家庭特征变量
户主性别	男=1,女=0	-	0.974	0.161
户主年龄	户主实际年龄	岁	49.362	8.806
家庭劳动力平均受教育程度	家庭劳动力的平均受教育年限	年	9.753	2.417
家庭年收入	上一年家庭总收入	元/年	254 290.000	430 390.000
家庭抚养比	家庭被扶养人/家庭总人口	-	0.256	0.177
资源禀赋变量
家庭承包地面积	家庭原有承包地面积	hm²	0.189	0.296
市场价格变量
小麦价格	上一年小麦出售均价	元/kg	2.262	0.152
尿素价格	上一年尿素购买均价	元/kg	1.992	0.316
流转租金	农地每公顷流转价格	元/（hm²·年）	12 362.265	3 309.885
自然因素变量
是否受灾	是=1;否=0	-	0.493	0.502
地区虚拟变量
苏南地区	苏南=1;其他=0	-	0.349	0.478
苏中地区	苏中=1;其他=0	-	0.263	0.442

变量	模型1
变量	估计系数	标准误
地方政府是否主导	9.039**	3.487
户主性别	15.167**	6.252
户主年龄	0.208	0.296
家庭劳动力平均受教育程度	0.836	0.730
家庭年收入对数	11.162***	3.077
家庭抚养比	18.458*	10.941
流转租金对数	-0.257	4.447
家庭承包地面积	4.457	6.839
常数项	-154.579***	51.180
R²	0.203
样本量	152

变量	模型2			模型3
变量	估计系数		标准误	估计系数	标准误
粮食种植规模对数	-0.046***	0.011		-0.041***	0.011
劳动投入对数	-0.025**	0.010		-0.019	0.011
化肥投入对数	0.128*	0.065		0.128**	0.062
机械投入对数	0.042*	0.024		0.031	0.024
地方政府是否主导	-0.064***	0.018		-0.059***	0.018
户主年龄	0.001	0.001		0.000	0.001
家庭劳动力平均受教育程度	0.010***	0.004		0.009**	0.004
家庭年收入对数	0.012	0.009		0.019**	0.009
小麦价格	0.101	0.104		0.148	0.103
尿素价格	-0.070	0.048		-0.062	0.048
流转租金对数	0.031	0.026		-0.001	0.033
是否灾害	-0.035**	0.015		-0.031**	0.016
苏南地区	-	-		-0.047*	0.027
苏中地区	-	-		0.019	0.022
常数项	7.833***	0.620		8.066***	0.595
R²	0.351		0.389
样本量	152		152