征地补偿农户满意度影响因素及提升路径——以武汉市江夏区为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.02.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

完善土地征收补偿制度,对保障城镇建设用地需求和提高农户生活质量具有重要的意义。本文从顾客满意度理论视角,以武汉市江夏区为例,采用主成分分析法和结构方程模型研究征地补偿满意度影响因素及其之间的关系以及提升征地补偿满意度的路径。研究结果显示：①征地补偿满意度的影响因素有补偿程序、补偿标准、补偿方式、补偿分配,且这四大因素之间相互影响,其中补偿程序对补偿标准、补偿方式、补偿分配产生正向影响,补偿标准正向影响补偿分配。②加强土地征收补偿宣传工作,可降低失地农户的征地补偿期望值,并且适当提高征地补偿标准,可以最大程度地提升失地农户征地补偿满意度和最大化政府利益,从而实现农户和政府的“双赢”。

关键词: 征地补偿, 农户满意度, 主成分分析, 结构方程模型, 江夏区

Abstract:

Based on questionnaire survey data from 154 land-expropriated farmers in Jiangxia district, Wuhan, using customer satisfaction evaluation theory we measured satisfaction with land expropriation compensation and carried out research from three levels, influencing factors, the relationship between them and improvement of farmer satisfaction. This paper builds a set of three-level index systems including 15 observation variables according to previous research, and explored influencing factors of satisfaction of land expropriation compensation and their relationships using principal component analysis and structural equation modeling. We found that compensation procedures, compensation standards, compensation methods and compensation distribution affect the satisfaction degree of land expropriation compensation; in which compensation procedures generate positive effects on the compensation standard, method and distribution. The compensation standard had a positive effect on compensation distribution. Improvement in farmer satisfaction can be achieved two ways: strengthening propaganda to reduce land expropriation compensation expectation and raising the land expropriation compensation standard in order to enhance the actual value of compensation. It is more reasonable to raise the compensation standard to a specific level to guarantee the maximum increase of land expropriation compensation satisfaction and governmental benefits in Jiangxia. On the basis of these results, we provide some suggestions in relation to land expropriation compensation across Jiangxia District.

Key words: land expropriation compensation, farmer satisfaction, principal component analysis, structural equation model, Jiangxia district

朱丽君, 渠丽萍, 陈文昕, 袁昕怡, 刘畅, 胡伟艳. 征地补偿农户满意度影响因素及提升路径——以武汉市江夏区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(2): 299-309.

Lijun ZHU, Liping QU, Wenxin CHEN, Xinyi YUAN, Chang LIU, Weiyan HU. Influencing factors and improvement of farmer satisfaction under land expropriation compensation in Wuhan[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(2): 299-309.

图/表 8

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

图1

表6

表7

参考文献 20

[1]	王才亮. 2015中国拆迁年度报告[EB/OL]. (2016-02-27)[2017-06-28]. .
	[Wang C L. Annual Report on China's Demolition in 2015[EB/OL]. (2016-02-27)[2017-06-28]. ]
[2]	钱忠好, 牟燕. 征地制度、土地财政与中国土地市场化改革[J]. 农业经济问题, 2015, (8): 8-12.
	[Qian Z H, Mou Y.Land expropriation system, land finance and land market reform in China[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2015, (8): 8-12. ]
[3]	史清华, 晋洪涛, 卓建伟. 征地一定降低农民收入吗: 上海7村调查-兼论现行征地制度的缺陷与改革[J]. 管理世界, 2011, (3): 77-82.
	[Shi Q H, Jin H T, Zhuo J W.Will land acquisition reduce farmer income: a survey of 7 villages in Shanghai-also on the defects and reform of the present land acquisition system[J]. Management World, 2011, (3): 77-82. ]
[4]	陈艳华, 林依标, 黄贤金. 被征地农户意愿受偿价格影响因素及其差异性的实证分析-基于福建省16个县1436户入户调查数据[J]. 中国农村经济, 2011, (4): 26-37.
	[Chen Y H, Lin Y B, Huang X J.An empirical study on the factors influencing the affected price of land requisitioned farmers and their differences-based on the survey data of 1436 households in 16 counties in Fujian Province[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2011, (4): 26-37. ]
[5]	李海燕, 蔡银莺. 征地前后农民感知变化与征地意愿的结构方程模型研究-以武汉市江夏区被征农户为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2012, 27(11): 1833-1844.
	[Li H Y, Cai Y Y.SEM study of the land acquisition before and after the farmers’ perception of change and land acquisition willingness: taking the farmers of Wuhan Jiangxia District as a case[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2012, 27(11): 1833-1844. ]
[6]	马晓茗, 张安录. 农户征地补偿满意度的区域差异性分析[J]. 华南农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2016, 15(6): 58-69.
	[Ma X M, Zhang A L.Regional differences and farmers’ satisfaction on land expropriation compensation[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), 2016, 15(6): 58-69. ]
[7]	吴杰, 何多兴, 尚勇敏, 等. 基于幸福指数视角反思失地农民安置补偿问题的研究-以重庆市北碚区学堂堡安置点为例[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(2): 86-90.
	[Wu J, He D X, Shang Y M, et al. Research on resettlement compensation of land-lost farmers in the perspective of happiness index-a case study of Xuetangbao resettlement place in Beibei district of Chongqing Municipality[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2013, 29(2): 86-90. ]
[8]	钟水映, 李魁. 工程性移民征地满意度的影响因子分析-以某公路征地拆迁为例[J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2008, (1): 43-47.
	[Zhong S Y, Li K.Factor analysis on satisfaction of project resettlement and land requisition-a case study on the land requisition in a highway project[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2008, (1): 43-47. ]
[9]	郭玲霞, 高贵现, 彭开丽. 基于Logistic模型的失地农民土地征收意愿影响因素研究[J]. 资源科学, 2012, 34(8): 1484-1492.
	[Guo L X, Gao G X, Peng K L.Research on the affecting factors of landless farmers’ land acquisition will based on Logistic model[J]. Resources Science, 2012, 34(8): 1484-1492. ]
[10]	王湃, 凌雪冰. 基于农户受偿意愿的征地补偿及影响因素分析-以湖北省4市25村354份问卷为证[J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2013, (5): 127-132.
	[Wang P, Ling X B.Land expropriation compensation and its influencing factors based on farmers’ willingness to accept[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2013, (5): 127-132. ]
[11]	钟水映, 李魁. 征地安置满意度实证分析[J]. 中国土地科学, 2008, 22(6): 63-69.
	[Zhong S Y, Li K.Empirical study on satisfaction degree of resettlement induced by land expropriation[J]. China Land Science, 2008, 22(6): 63-69. ]
[12]	乔蕻强, 陈英. 基于结构方程模型的征地补偿农户满意度影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(1): 25-30.
	[Qiao H Q, Chen Y.Analysis on the factors influencing the farmer’s satisfaction to the land expropriation compensation[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016, 30(1): 25-30. ]
[13]	刘向南, 吕图, 严思齐. 征地过程中程序性权利保障与农民满意度研究-基于辽宁省6市30村的调研[J]. 中国土地科学, 2016, 30(5): 21-28.
	[Liu X N, Lv T, Yan S Q.Study on the procedural rights guarantee and farmers’ satisfaction in the process of land acquisition: based on the investigation of 30 villages, 6 cities in Liaoning Province[J]. China Land Science, 2016, 30(5): 21-28. ]
[14]	刘祥琪, 陈钊, 赵阳. 程序公正先于货币补偿: 农民征地满意度的决定[J]. 管理世界, 2012, (2): 44-51.
	[Liu X Q, Chen Z, Zhao Y.The procedural fairness prior to the monetary compensation: the determinants of the degree of farmers’ satisfaction at levying their land[J]. Management World, 2012, (2): 44-51. ]
[15]	王玥, 卢新海. 国有土地上房屋被征收人的公平感知对征收补偿意愿的影响[J]. 中国土地科学, 2013, 27(9): 11-18.
	[Wang Y, Lu X H.Impact of perceived fairness on the willingness of owners to accept the compensation for the expropriation of the housing on state-owned land[J]. China Land Science, 2013, 27(9): 11-18. ]
[16]	吴明隆. 问卷统计分析实务: SPSS操作与应用[M]. 重庆: 重庆大学出版社, 2010.
	[Wu M L.Questionnaire Statistical Analysis Practice: SPSS Operation and Application[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2010. ]
[17]	李茂能. 结构方程模式软件Amos之简介及其在测验编制上之应用[M]. 台北: 台北心理出版社, 2006.
	[Li M N.The Introduction of Structural Equation Model Software Amos and Its Application in Test[M]. Taipei: Taipei Psychology Press, 2006. ]
[18]	于洪彦. 顾客满意度涵义诠释[J]. 中国统计, 2003(9):50-51.
	[Yu H Y.Meaning interpretation of customer satisfaction[J]. China Statistics, 2003(9):50-51. ]
[19]	武汉市江夏区人民政府. 武汉市江夏区征收农民集体所有土地补偿安置办法[Z].2011-09-01
	[Jiangxia District Government. Compensation and resettlement measures for collectively owned land in Jiangxia District of Wuhan City[Z].2011-09-01 ]
[20]	贾艳丽, 杜强. SPSS统计分析标准教程[M]. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2010.
	[Jia Y L, Du Q.SPSS Statistical Analysis Standard Tutorial[M]. Beijing: People Post Press, 2010. ]

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	变量符号
征地补偿满意度	征地补偿执行	宣传效果	x₁
	征地补偿执行	参与情况	x₂
	征地补偿监督	守法力度	x₃
	征地补偿监督	公开透明	x₄
	征地补偿方式	生活保障	x₅
		就业保障	x₆
		养老保障	x₇
		医疗保障	x₈
	征地补偿标准	实际补偿额度	x₉
		与其他项目对比	x₁₀
		生活水平变化	x₁₁
	征地补偿分配	市县政府低征高卖	x₁₂
		村集体截留挪用	x₁₃
		失地农民所得	x₁₄
		村集体内部成员私得	x₁₅

项目特征	类别	频数/人	比例/%	项目特征	类别	频数/人	比例/%
性别	男	73	47.40	家庭主要劳动力	1人	34	22.08
	女	81	52.60		2人	84	54.55
年龄	26~45岁	22	14.29		3人	26	16.88
	46~60岁	70	45.45		4人	10	6.49
	60岁以上	62	40.26	家庭年收入	<5 000	6	3.90
受教育程度	小学及以下	82	53.25		≥5 000且<10 000	9	5.84
	初中	59	38.31		≥10 000且<15 000	22	14.26
	高中	10	6.49		≥15 000且<25 000	41	26.62
	专科及以上	3	1.95		≥25 000	76	49.35
家庭人口	1人	1	0.65
	2~3人	41	26.62
	4~5人	88	57.14
	6人及以上	24	15.58

	非常满意			比较满意		一般			不满意			非常不满意
	人数/人		比例%		人数/人	比例%		人数/人	比例%	人数/人	比例%	人数/人	比例%
补偿执行	3	1.95		20	12.99	48	31.17		58	37.66		25	16.23
补偿监督	1	0.65		24	15.58	50	32.47		67	43.51		12	7.79
补偿方式	0	0		27	17.53	62	40.26		55	35.71		10	6.49
补偿标准	0	0		26	16.88	41	26.62		70	45.45		17	11.04
补偿分配	0	0		12	7.79	68	44.16		63	40.91		11	7.14

成份	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累计贡献率/%
1	3.866	25.776	25.776
2	2.338	15.586	41.363
3	2.107	14.045	55.408
4	1.719	11.461	66.869
5	0.921	6.142	73.011
6	0.719	4.792	77.803
7	0.591	3.937	81.740
8	0.567	3.778	85.519
9	0.523	3.483	89.002
10	0.399	2.660	91.662
11	0.354	2.359	94.021
12	0.304	2.026	96.047
13	0.249	1.661	97.708
14	0.189	1.257	98.965
15	0.155	1.035	100.000

	主成份
	1	2	3	4
宣传效果	0.719	0.233	0.033	-0.030
参与情况	0.733	-0.052	0.124	0.093
守法力度	0.894	0.043	0.098	0.075
公开透明	0.832	0.073	0.164	0.062
生活保障	0.278	0.085	0.644	-0.023
就业保障	0.151	0.062	0.801	0.072
养老保障	0.045	0.199	0.779	-0.094
医疗保障	-0.007	0.006	0.788	0.027
实际补偿额度	0.036	0.882	0.075	-0.014
与其他项目对比	0.052	0.925	0.048	0.074
生活水平变化	0.182	0.843	0.237	0.046
市县政府低征高卖	0.117	0.294	-0.071	0.757
村集体截留挪用	0.040	-0.120	0.018	0.732
失地农民所得	0.014	0.111	0.062	0.808
村集体内部成员私得	0.033	-0.076	-0.029	0.733