基于形态优化和边界识别的基本农田保护区研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2018.01.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

划定基本农田保护区是保障国家粮食安全,提高粮食综合生产能力的重要举措。然而,2011年修订的《基本农田保护条例》只强调将优质耕地划入基本农田保护区,却没有对保护区形态做出明确要求,导致保护区片块数量多,边界线长且模糊不清,无形中增大了基本农田被占用的风险。基于此,本文拟采用逐级修正多因素综合评价法、基于Moran's I指数的局部空间自相关分析、GIS空间分析方法,以甘肃省榆中县2015年耕地为基础,对基本农田保护区进行优化。结果表明：①榆中县耕地质量总体是中等水平,其中高等地与中等地合计占79.76%。高质量耕地聚集区（HH）和低高集聚区（LH）可以划入基本农田保护区;②经过边界识别,共划定11个基本农田保护区,总面积75 878.17hm²,其中平原区3个,丘陵区5个,山地区3个。与优化前相比,能够完成土地利用总体规划确定的目标,图斑数量减少,单位图斑面积增大,边界线缩短且明确,景观格局优化。该研究过程和方法可为相关工作的开展提供参考。

关键词: 耕地质量, 空间集聚, 基本农田保护区, 边界识别, 榆中县

Abstract:

Delimitation of basic farmland protection area is an important measure ensuring national crop security and improving comprehensive grain production capacity. However, the 2011 amendments to the “Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland” emphasized that high-quality farmland is only included in basic farmland protection areas. It did not make clear requirements for the protection region as well, which contributes to a large number of protected areas, long and obscure boundary lines, virtually increasing the risk of basic farmland being occupied. Therefore, taking country cultivated land in 2015 as an example, we adopted the method of step-by-step multi-factor comprehensive evaluation to optimize the basic farmland protection area based on farmland in Yuzhong County of 2015 and Moran' s I index spatial autocorrelation analysis and GIS. We found that the quality of cultivated land in Yuzhong County is at a moderate level, with an overall amount of 79.76% for high-quality farmland and middle-leveled farmland. High-quality (HH) and low-quality (LH) agglomeration area can be allocated as basic farmland protection area. After boundary identification, 11 designated basic farmland protection areas can be delimitated, with a total area of 75 878.17 hm² including three plain areas, five hilly areas, and three mountainous areas. Compared with areas before optimization, we reached the goal of completing the overall land use planning to reduce the number of patches when patch unit area increases and the boundary line is shortened and cleared. The landscape pattern is optimized as well. Our research process and methodology provides a reference for the development of relevant work.

Key words: cultivated land quality, spatial agglomeration, basic farmland protection area, boundary recognition, Yuzhong County

慕正隆, 石培基, 刘春芳, 郑海松. 基于形态优化和边界识别的基本农田保护区研究[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(1): 22-31.

Zhenglong MU, Peiji SHI, Chunfang LIU, Haisong ZHENG. Basic farmland protection area based on morphological optimization and boundary identification[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(1): 22-31.

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目标层	准则层	指标层	指标分值					指标权重
目标层	准则层	指标层	20		40	60	80	100
耕地综合质量	地力质量	地貌类型			山地	丘陵	平原	0.134 9
		耕地坡度/°	≥25	15~25	6~15	2~6	≤2	0.182 9
		年平均降水量/mm	<250	250~300	300~400	400~500	≥500	0.066 2
		有效土层厚度/cm	<30	30~70	70~100	100~150	≥150	0.173 4
		土体构型	壤砂砂	通体黏	壤黏黏	壤黏壤	通体壤	0.095 3
		土壤有机质含量/%	<0.8	0.8~1.2	1.2~2.0	2.0~3.0	>3.0	0.162 9
		耕作层土壤质地		砂壤	重壤	轻壤	中壤	0.184 4
	工程质量	灌溉保证率/%		不能满足（<30)	一般满足（30~60)	基本满足（60~80)	充分满足（>80）	0.585 8
	工程质量	田间道路通达度/m	>50	20~50	10~20	5~10	≤5	0.414 2
	空间质量	田块距村庄的距离/km	>3	2~3	1~2	0.5~1	≤0.5	0.513 3
	空间质量	田块距主干道的距离/km	>4	3~4	2~3	1~2	≤1	0.486 7
	生态环境质量	土壤污染程度		污染			无污染	-
	耕地稳定性	规划用途		非耕地用途			耕地用途	-
	耕地稳定性	地质灾害		有			无	-

		保护区内基本农田面积/hm²	图斑数量 /块	平均图斑面积/hm²	景观分维数	景观边缘密度	景观形状指数	保护区边界总长度/km
优化前	全县	71 608.00	5 191	13.79	1.44	360.16	1.72	344.40
	平原区	17 768.87	834	21.31	1.41	258.12	1.69	66.22
	丘陵区	42 777.43	3 754	11.40	1.43	425.11	1.79	193.42
	山区	11 061.70	603	18.34	1.47	397.25	1.68	84.76
优化后	全县	75 071.65	4 533	16.56	1.40	317.37	1.67	113.47
	平原区	22 903.11	912	25.11	1.36	212.24	1.64	25.51
	丘陵区	42 011.28	3 124	13.45	1.42	374.66	1.72	67.25
	山区	10 157.26	497	20.44	1.43	365.22	1.66	20.71